With respect to the Dalio piece, there is, of course, the bigger question of institutional protection - not institutional investors, but protecting our institutions themselves.
Cap market dollar flows are many times in excess of anything that flows from physical trade, and while we've all been worrying about someone losing a factory on the ground, what happens when Blackrock finds $10B of American retirees' capital locked up in China, and complains to White House that a particular political policy is the cause? Maybe Blackrock (or GS, or someone else) was comfortable making the investment from a financial standpoint, but the US needs to do a better job protecting itself from letting private companies rope government into spending political capital to protect their assets.
And yes, you can start at Treasury/Commerce, but you can also put investor protections in place in Congress that require better levels of due diligence for American firms' investments in China. If certain questions can't be answered about an investment (accounting standards, reporting, ownership, human rights, etc.), it creates a presumption in favor of individual investors to sue the investment firm. Let the corporate risk boards and individual investors be the check - not the US government's political capital as the bailout.