As a lay person trying to operationalize this, could you help with a handful of concrete examples of “find adjacent field → determine some consensus view that practitioners hold about your original field of interest”. Say 1) Is it possible for a person/team/algorithm to predict the value of a stock of a particular company on a future date, and if so, what is it going to be. 2) Is it the case that accepting a particular faith tradition is going to guarantee salvation? 3) Should I use phonics or whole language to teach my child reading? Addendum: “any subject matter for which there is a community that is dedicated towards collectively getting at the truth” — supposedly we have a range from mathematics to astrology, say, to go from real to fake disciplines. Is there a meta-framework for assessing fields themselves.