You’ve offered a very sly view of how the U.S. failed to make good on the military defeat of the Confederacy in 1865. That’s because the racist Andrew Johnson in the White House had no intention of Reconstruction and the integration of black people into the general population. This led to the return of Confederate generals as U.S. senators. We are still a nation divided—some more than ever, but no, we’ve been divided formally ever since the compromises that got 13 colonies together in 1787.