I forgot to leave a comment, but thank you for writing this wonderful article. It makes me teary eyed to see ecologists discuss war, & the deleterious impacts of conflict on the environment, which of course includes us humans. When I worked as a biology TA & guest lecturer, I would bring in real world conflict zone examples to explain many biological phenomena, pollution, bioremediation options, etc. It is a subject that is near & dear to my heart in terms of my personal values, but also being raised as the first born American child of two deeply intelligent Afghan immigrants. I will be on the lookout for more of your excellent analysis!