Korea has the same problem from the supply side. Renewable developers secure grid capacity through permitting, then sit on it without building. The government identified 7 GW of this speculative capacity last year and is now clawing it back for redistribution.

The response so far has been administrative: tighter milestone checks, contract termination after two years of inactivity. No pricing mechanism. Your core point holds across both markets. When grid access costs nothing to hold, the queue fills with optionality, not commitment.