Make money doing the work you believe in
Your two opening stories illustrate an income crisis. They also illustrate something your framework doesn't touch upon which I think incredibly apparent. Both people lost a temporal order alongside a salary.
The USAID official went from a job that organized her entire calendar to a void. She's doing the right thing, retraining as a teacher, but the crossing between one institutional schedule and the next is unmanaged. The retraining program has fixed hours. The benefit system has appointment windows. Whatever gig work keeps the mortgage current competes for the same time. Each institution treats its own scheduling demand as reasonable. None coordinates with the others.
The semiconductor engineer has it worse. Uber is signal-time work. He doesn't have a schedule. He has availability windows shaped by algorithms. His medical procedure requires a business-hours commitment he can't reliably make or fund. His job search requires sustained cognitive time the app fragments into drive-and-respond cycles. He never exits the temporal chaos.
Every intervention you propose, from retraining programs to wage insurance to a publicly funded care economy, requires the displaced person to synchronize with institutions that assume a stable calendar. The messy middle is an income crisis and a coordination crisis simultaneously, and the second constrains how effectively policy can address the first.