Thanks for this helpful look at bedrock principles defined by math. A problem emerges depending on the definition of adaptation in John’s formula (a great basic concept, which I’ve cited many times). If it’s strictly adaptation to dynamics set in motion by CO2-driven climate change that’s a problem because not all suffering from climate hazards is from co2-driven climate change. As you know, a big driver of losses in extreme coastal and weather events (still the dominant driver, as per LM Bouwer and others) is the “expanding bullseye” (Strader, Ashley) of vulnerable exposure in existing climate danger zones. Policy to reduce such harm is beneficial with or without climate change. Some context: revkin.substack.com/i/7…