In some cases, Aid for development in the real sense of it doesn't truly aid development. For instance in places like Africa. Development aid from international partners get mismanaged and sometimes looted and find their ways to the very countries where the aid comes from hidden in offshore accounts.

If there's gonna be aid at all, it should be on a project basis and interventionist and not a permanent aid.

Then, how do we explain the roles some aid has also played in empowering some non-state actors in the major conflict centers in Africa for instance. Is it not surprising to find out during the congressional hearing that some of the aid funds and materials finds their way to some prescribed groups inflicting violence on the innocent people in West Africa.

Then finally, what does United States and other international aid fund donors gains in return from the very poor countries they are donating to? Soft power? Assymetry treaties and agreements?

Thank you Prof for this wonderful work.