NASA’s Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams originally launched on Boeing’s Starliner on June 5, 2024, for a planned 10-day test flight. They remained in orbit for approximately 287 days due to spacecraft issues, returning today via a SpaceX Crew Dragon. Their extended time in space ranks them just below NASA’s Peggy Whitson (289 days) but well short of the U.S. record held by Frank Rubio (371 days in 2022–2023) and the global record by Russia’s Valeri Polyakov (437 days in 1994–1995 on Mir). Below is a list of ten scientifically documented short- and long-term effects on the human body from extended space travel. Short-Term Effects (Within Days to Weeks)