Uncertainty is obviously a problem, but how are insurers supposed to be responsible for reducing that uncertainty??

And surprise bills are the provider's fault.

How do you reconcile this with the fact that doctors are first in line to protest anyone suggests that we increase the cap on medical degrees handed out? Or that we let nurse practitioners cover more patient areas, or operate with less supervision?

I think it is beyond disingenuous to claim that doctors, alone among all of humanity, do not respond to financial incentives.

"Doctors never set the rates they charge. That is determined to them by Medicare and private insurance companies."

That's not really true. Even in the screwy US health insurance industry, supply and demand still apply. If insurance companies set reimbursement rates too low, hospitals won't contract with them. If hospitals agree on low reimbursements and try to pay doctors less, the doctors will go elsewhere or just stop working. No, doctors aren't literally setting their rates, but they are negotiating salaries and responding to financial incentives.