📝🔎 These are most volatile hours of the trading day:

the academic literature overwhelmingly finds a U-shaped intraday volatility pattern (…) open and close are volatile; the middle of the day is quiet.

Most volatile:

• 09:30–10:30 ET

• 15:00–16:00 ET, especially approaching the close

Least volatile:

• approximately 13:00–14:00/14:30 ET, with 14:00 ET being specifically identified as the minimum in one hourly study