United States House of Representatives elections, 2018
From Ballotpedia
The Democratic Party won control of the U.S. House from the Republican Party on November 6, 2018. Democrats gained a net total of 40 seats, 17 more than the 23 seats they needed to win control of the House.
Heading into the elections, Republicans had a 235-193 majority with seven vacancies. All 435 seats were up for election. Special elections were held earlier in 2018 and in 2017 to fill vacancies that occurred in the 115th Congress. Democrats flipped one seat when Conor Lamb (D) won a February 2018 special election to replace Tim Murphy (R) in Pennsylvania's 18th Congressional District.
Ballotpedia covered every state and federal primary in 2018 to highlight the intraparty conflicts that shaped the parties and the general elections. Click here for our coverage of Republican Party primaries in 2018, and here for our coverage of Democratic Party primaries.
2018 election analysis and context
All 435 seats—including seven vacancies—were up for election, with Democrats needing to add 23 seats to win majority control of the chamber.
The Democratic Party was well-positioned to gain seats, according to a 100-year historical analysis of House elections conducted by Ballotpedia and political scientist Jacob Smith. From 1918 to 2016, the president’s party lost an average of 29 seats in midterm elections. The Democrats matched this pattern in the 2018 midterms, gaining 40 seats for a total of 235 seats—17 more than was needed for a majority.
One undecided 2018 race was decided in September 2019 when Dan Bishop (R) won the special election. The state board of elections called a new election following allegations of absentee ballot fraud in the 2018 race. Click here for more information on the aftermath of the 2018 election.
In 372 of the 435 seats, an incumbent was seeking re-election on November 6. There were 52 seats where the incumbent was either retiring or otherwise not seeking re-election—18 Democrats and 34 Republicans, including House Speaker Paul Ryan (R-Wisconsin)—and seven vacant seats. In four other seats, the incumbent—two from each party—was defeated in a primary before election day.
There were 46 seats that changed party hands, both open seats and those occupied by an incumbent, and 30 of the 372 incumbent U.S. representatives (8.1 percent) lost their seats in the general election—all Republicans.
Thirty-eight seats up in 2018 were won by the presidential candidate of the opposite party in 2016: Hillary Clinton (D) won 25 Republican-held districts, and Donald Trump (R) won 13 Democratic-held districts. On November 6, 2018, Democrats won 22 of the 25 Clinton-leaning seats held by Republicans after 2016, while Republicans won two of the 13 Trump-leaning seats held by Democrats.
Partisan breakdown
The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the U.S. House of Representatives before and after the 2018 mid-term elections.
| U.S. House Partisan Breakdown | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 5, 2018 | After the 2018 Election | |
| Democratic Party | 193 | 235 | |
| Republican Party | 235 | 200[1] | |
| Vacancies | 7 | 0 | |
| Total | 435 | 435 | |
After flipping a Republican seat in Pennsylvania in a February 2018 special election, the Democratic Party needed to pick up 23 seats in 2018 to win the chamber.[2]
Battlegrounds
- See also: U.S. House battlegrounds, 2018
This is a list of the U.S. House battlegrounds in 2018.
The following map identifies those races that were considered battleground elections. Mouse over a district for more detailed information. You can also zoom in for a closer look.
Criteria
- See also: Battlegrounds
The following criteria were the primary means for determining if a race was expected to be competitive in 2018. No specific number of criteria has to be met to label a district competitive, but all were considered in each race. More races could have been competitive in 2018 than just those that met our criteria.
1. Margin of victory (MOV) in the past House elections:
- The MOV of the district in previous elections is one of the primary methods for estimating the potential competitiveness of a district in the future. Ballotpedia considers competitive races to be those with a MoV of less than 10 percent.
- The MOV of the district in previous elections is one of the primary methods for estimating the potential competitiveness of a district in the future. Ballotpedia considers competitive races to be those with a MoV of less than 10 percent.
2. Margin of victory in the past presidential elections:
- Like the MOV in past congressional elections, how a president fared in each congressional district is a big indicator of the political climate in a district. For instance, a Republican incumbent in a district that supported Hillary Clinton in 2016 is more likely to be vulnerable than a Republican incumbent in a district that backed President Donald Trump.
- Like the MOV in past congressional elections, how a president fared in each congressional district is a big indicator of the political climate in a district. For instance, a Republican incumbent in a district that supported Hillary Clinton in 2016 is more likely to be vulnerable than a Republican incumbent in a district that backed President Donald Trump.
3. Open seats:
- Incumbents have extremely high re-election rates. In 2016, 96.7 percent of congressional incumbents who sought re-election won. An open seat is traditionally far more vulnerable than one in which the incumbent is seeking re-election, even if the incumbent is unpopular.
- Incumbents have extremely high re-election rates. In 2016, 96.7 percent of congressional incumbents who sought re-election won. An open seat is traditionally far more vulnerable than one in which the incumbent is seeking re-election, even if the incumbent is unpopular.
4. Time spent in office:
- The number of terms an incumbent has spent in office has an impact on how vulnerable they may be. Freshmen incumbents tend to be more vulnerable than those who have served multiple terms in office.
- The number of terms an incumbent has spent in office has an impact on how vulnerable they may be. Freshmen incumbents tend to be more vulnerable than those who have served multiple terms in office.
5. Outside race ratings:
- Race ratings from other outside sources like the Cook Political Report were considered when making our initial list of battlegrounds.
- Race ratings from other outside sources like the Cook Political Report were considered when making our initial list of battlegrounds.
6. Special highlights:
- Special highlights could include anything from a rematch of the 2016 House race, to an incumbent made vulnerable due to a scandal. Any special circumstances will be taken into account here.
Margin of victory
The margin of victory for each race is calculated by examining the percentage difference between the two candidates who received the most votes. If the race was uncontested, the margin of victory is listed as 100 percent. Some quick facts:
- The average margin of victory was 30.2 percent. This is below the 36.6 percent average in 2016 and the 35.8 percent average in 2014.
- On average, Republicans won by smaller margins than Democrats. The average MOV for victorious Democrats was 36.6 percent, while Republican victors averaged a MOV of 22.8 percent.
- The closest race was in Georgia's 7th Congressional District, where incumbent Rob Woodall (R) defeated challenger Carolyn Bourdeaux (D) by 0.15 percent of the vote.
| Click [show] to view a list of U.S. House elections sorted by margin of victory | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Outside race ratings
The following table compares the most recent race ratings from The Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections.
Wave election analysis
- See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)
The term wave election is frequently used to describe an election cycle in which one party makes significant electoral gains. How many seats would Republicans have had to lose for the 2018 midterm election to be considered a wave election?
Ballotpedia examined the results of the 50 election cycles that occurred between 1918 and 2016—spanning from President Woodrow Wilson's (D) second midterm in 1918 to Donald Trump's (R) first presidential election in 2016. We define wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in that period resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party.
Applying this definition to U.S. House elections, we found that Republicans needed to lose 48 seats for 2018 to qualify as a wave election.
The chart below shows the number of seats the president's party lost in the 11 U.S. House waves from 1918 to 2016. Click here to read the full report.
| U.S. House wave elections | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | President | Party | Election type | House seats change | House majority[3] | |
| 1932 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -97 | D | |
| 1922 | Harding | R | First midterm | -76 | R | |
| 1938 | Roosevelt | D | Second midterm | -70 | D | |
| 2010 | Obama | D | First midterm | -63 | R (flipped) | |
| 1920 | Wilson | D | Presidential | -59 | R | |
| 1946 | Truman | D | First midterm | -54 | R (flipped) | |
| 1994 | Clinton | D | First midterm | -54 | R (flipped) | |
| 1930 | Hoover | R | First midterm | -53 | D (flipped) | |
| 1942 | Roosevelt | D | Third midterm | -50 | D | |
| 1966 | Johnson | D | First midterm[4] | -48 | D | |
| 1974 | Ford | R | Second midterm[5] | -48 | D | |
Competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Annual Congressional Competitiveness Report found the following:
- There were 55 open seats in 2018.
- There were 42 House seats where only one major party ran a candidate.
- Nine House incumbents from districts won by the opposite party's presidential candidate in 2016 did not seek re-election.
Presidential data
- See also: Presidential election, 2016
According to Daily Kos' 2016 presidential results by congressional district data, Hillary Clinton (D) won 207 of the congressional districts up in 2018, while Donald Trump (R) won 228 districts. There were 25 Republican-held districts Clinton won and 13 Democratic-held districts Trump won.[6]
Republican/Clinton districts
The 25 Republican-held districts voted for Clinton by as many as 28.2 percentage points and as few as 1.1 percentage points. In 2012, 13 voted for Mitt Romney (R) and 12 voted for Barack Obama (D). Although they were scattered across the country, 11 of the districts were located in California or Pennsylvania.
Four districts did not exist during the 2016 election and were created after the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that the state's previous congressional map was unconstitutionally gerrymandered to favor Republicans. The redrawing increased the number of Clinton/Republican districts in Pennsylvania from two to four.
| 2018 election results in Republican-held U.S. House districts won by Hillary Clinton in 2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Incumbent | 2018 winner | 2018 margin | 2016 presidential margin | 2012 presidential margin |
| Arizona's 2nd |  Martha McSally |
 Ann Kirkpatrick |
D+9.5 | Clinton+4.9 | Romney+1.5 |
| California's 10th | Jeff Denham |
Josh Harder |
D+2.6 | Clinton+3.0 | Obama+3.6 |
| California's 21st | David Valadao |
TJ Cox |
D+0.8 | Clinton+15.5 | Obama+11.1 |
| California's 25th | Steve Knight |
Katie Hill |
D+6.4 | Clinton+6.7 | Romney+1.9 |
| California's 39th | Ed Royce |
Gil Cisneros |
D+1.4 | Clinton+8.6 | Romney+3.7 |
| California's 45th | Mimi Walters |
Katie Porter |
D+1.6 | Clinton+5.4 | Romney+11.8 |
| California's 48th | Dana Rohrabacher |
Harley Rouda |
D+5.8 | Clinton+1.7 | Romney+11.7 |
| California's 49th | Darrell Issa |
Mike Levin |
D+7.4 | Clinton+7.5 | Romney+6.7 |
| Colorado's 6th | Mike Coffman |
Jason Crow |
D+11.2 | Clinton+8.9 | Obama+5.1 |
| Florida's 26th | Carlos Curbelo |
Debbie Mucarsel-Powell |
D+1.8 | Clinton+16.1 | Obama+11.5 |
| Florida's 27th | Ileana Ros-Lehtinen |
Donna Shalala |
D+6.0 | Clinton+19.7 | Obama+6.7 |
| Illinois' 6th | Peter Roskam |
Sean Casten |
D+5.6 | Clinton+7.0 | Romney+8.2 |
| Kansas' 3rd | Kevin Yoder |
Sharice Davids |
D+9.1 | Clinton+1.2 | Romney+9.5 |
| Minnesota's 3rd | Erik Paulsen |
Dean Phillips |
D+11.4 | Clinton+9.4 | Obama+0.8 |
| New Jersey's 7th | Leonard Lance |
Tom Malinowski |
D+4.7 | Clinton+1.1 | Romney+6.2 |
| New York's 24th | John Katko |
John Katko |
R+6.3 | Clinton+3.6 | Obama+15.9 |
| Pennsylvania's 1st | Brian Fitzpatrick[7] |
Brian Fitzpatrick |
R+2.6 | Clinton+2.0 | Obama+2.6 |
| Pennsylvania's 5th | Pat Meehan[8] |
Mary Gay Scanlon |
D+30.2 | Clinton+28.2 | Obama+27.7 |
| Pennsylvania's 6th | Ryan Costello[9] |
Chrissy Houlahan |
D+17.6 | Clinton+9.3 | Obama+3.2 |
| Pennsylvania's 7th | Charlie Dent[10] |
Susan Wild |
D+11.3 | Clinton+1.1 | Obama+7.0 |
| Texas' 7th | John Culberson |
Lizzie Pannill Fletcher |
D+5.0 | Clinton+1.4 | Romney+21.3 |
| Texas' 23rd | Will Hurd |
Will Hurd |
R+0.5 | Clinton+3.4 | Romney+2.6 |
| Texas' 32nd | Pete Sessions |
Colin Allred |
D+6.3 | Clinton+1.9 | Romney+15.5 |
| Virginia's 10th | Barbara Comstock |
Jennifer Wexton |
D+12.4 | Clinton+10.0 | Romney+1.6 |
| Washington's 8th | David Reichert |
Kim Schrier |
D+6.2 | Clinton+3.0 | Obama+1.6 |
There were eight House seats that supported the Republican nominee in 2008 and 2012 (McCain and Romney) that were won by Hillary Clinton in 2016: AZ-02, CA-39, CA-45, CA-48, KS-03, NJ-07, TX-07, and TX-32
Democratic/Trump districts
The 13 Democratic districts voted for Trump by as many as 30.8 percentage points and as few as 0.7 percentage points. In 2012, four voted for Mitt Romney (R) and nine voted for Barack Obama (D). Although they were scattered across the country, nine of the 11 districts were located in the midwest or the northeast, with five being in Minnesota or Pennsylvania.
Conor Lamb (D) won a 2018 special election in Pennsylvania to replace U.S. Rep. Tim Murphy (R). This increased the number of Trump/Democratic districts in Pennsylvania from one to two. Both districts were redrawn after the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that the state's previous congressional map was unconstitutionally gerrymandered to favor Republicans.
| 2018 election results in Democratic-held U.S. House districts won by Donald Trump in 2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Incumbent | 2018 winner | 2018 margin | 2016 presidential margin | 2012 presidential margin |
| Arizona's 1st | Tom O'Halleran |
Tom O'Halleran |
D+7.7 | Trump+1.1 | Romney+2.5 |
| Iowa's 2nd | Dave Loebsack |
Dave Loebsack |
D+12.2 | Trump+4.1 | Obama+13.1 |
| Illinois' 17th | Cheri Bustos |
Cheri Bustos |
D+23.6 | Trump+0.7 | Obama+17.0 |
| Minnesota's 1st | Tim Walz |
Jim Hagedorn |
R+0.4 | Trump+14.9 | Obama+1.4 |
| Minnesota's 7th | Collin Peterson |
Collin Peterson |
D+4.3 | Trump+30.8 | Romney+9.8 |
| Minnesota's 8th | Rick Nolan |
Pete Stauber |
R+5.5 | Trump+15.6 | Obama+5.5 |
| New Hampshire's 1st | Carol Shea-Porter |
Chris Pappas |
D+11.7 | Trump+1.6 | Obama+1.6 |
| New Jersey's 5th | Josh Gottheimer |
Josh Gottheimer |
D+11.7 | Trump+1.1 | Romney+3.1 |
| Nevada's 3rd | Jacky Rosen |
Susie Lee |
D+9.1 | Trump+1.0 | Obama+0.8 |
| New York's 18th | Sean Patrick Maloney |
Sean Patrick Maloney |
D+10.2 | Trump+1.9 | Obama+4.3 |
| Pennsylvania's 8th | Matt Cartwright[11] |
Matt Cartwright |
D+9.2 | Trump+9.6 | Obama+11.9 |
| Pennsylvania's 14th | Conor Lamb[12] |
Guy Reschenthaler |
R+15.9 | Trump+29.0 | Romney+17.7 |
| Wisconsin's 3rd | Ron Kind |
Ron Kind |
D+19.4 | Trump+4.5 | Obama+11.0 |
There were 20 House seats that Barack Obama won in 2008 and 2012 that were won by Donald Trump in 2016: IA-01, IA-02, IA-03, IL-12, IL-17, ME-02, MN-01, MN-02, MN-08, NH-01, NJ-02, NJ-03, NV-03, NY-01, NY-02, NY-18, NY-19, NY-21, PA-17, and WI-03.
Incumbents not running for re-election
A total of 52 representatives did not seek re-election to their U.S. House districts:
- 18 Democratic members of the U.S. House
- 34 Republican members of the U.S. House
In total, 14 of the 52 districts changed party hands. Eleven seats flipped from Republican to Democrat. Three seats flipped from Democrat to Republican.
Incumbents who retired from public office
- Nine Democrats
- 23 Republicans
| Name | Party | District | Date announced | Winner of open seat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bill Shuster | Republican | Pennsylvania, District 9 | January 2, 2018[13] | Dan Meuser |
| Bob Goodlatte | Republican | Virginia, District 6 | November 9, 2017[14] | Ben Cline |
| Carol Shea-Porter | Democratic | New Hampshire, District 1 | October 6, 2017[15] | Chris Pappas |
| Darrell Issa | Republican | California, District 49 | January 10, 2018[16] | Mike Levin |
| Dave Reichert | Republican | Washington, District 8 | September 6, 2017[17] | Kim Schrier |
| David Trott | Republican | Michigan, District 11 | September 11, 2017[18] | Haley Stevens |
| Dennis Ross | Republican | Florida, District 15 | April 11, 2018[19] | Ross Spano |
| Edward Royce | Republican | California, District 39 | January 8, 2018[20] | Gil Cisneros |
| Elizabeth Esty | Democratic | Connecticut, District 5 | April 2, 2018[21] | Jahana Hayes |
| Frank LoBiondo | Republican | New Jersey, District 2 | November 7, 2017[22] | Jeff Van Drew |
| Gene Green | Democratic | Texas, District 29 | November 13, 2017[23] | Sylvia Garcia |
| Gregg Harper | Republican | Mississippi, District 3 | January 4, 2018[24] | Michael Guest |
| Ileana Ros-Lehtinen | Republican | Florida, District 27 | April 30, 2017[25] | Donna Shalala |
| Jeb Hensarling | Republican | Texas, District 5 | October 31, 2017[26] | Lance Gooden |
| Joe Barton | Republican | Texas, District 6 | November 30, 2017[27] | Ron Wright |
| John J. Duncan, Jr. | Republican | Tennessee, District 2 | July 31, 2017[28] | Tim Burchett |
| Lamar Smith | Republican | Texas, District 21 | November 2, 2017[29] | Chip Roy |
| Luis V. Gutierrez | Democratic | Illinois, District 4 | November 27, 2017[30] | Jesus Garcia |
| Lynn Jenkins | Republican | Kansas, District 2 | January 25, 2017[31] | Steve Watkins |
| Niki Tsongas | Democratic | Massachusetts, District 3 | August 9, 2017[32] | Lori Trahan |
| Paul Ryan | Republican | Wisconsin, District 1 | April 11, 2018[33] | Bryan Steil |
| Rick Nolan | Democratic | Minnesota, District 8 | February 9, 2018[34] | Pete Stauber |
| Robert Brady | Democratic | Pennsylvania, District 1 | January 31, 2018[35] | Brian Fitzpatrick |
| Rodney Frelinghuysen | Republican | New Jersey, District 11 | January 29, 2018[36] | Mikie Sherrill |
| Ruben J. Kihuen | Democratic | Nevada, District 4 | December 16, 2017[37] | Steven Horsford |
| Ryan Costello | Republican | Pennsylvania, District 6 | March 25, 2018[38] | Chrissy Houlahan |
| Sam Johnson | Republican | Texas, District 3 | January 6, 2017[39] | Van Taylor |
| Sandy Levin | Democratic | Michigan, District 9 | December 2, 2017[40] | Andy Levin |
| Ted Poe | Republican | Texas, District 2 | November 7, 2017[41] | Daniel Crenshaw |
| Thomas Garrett | Republican | Virginia, District 5 | May 28, 2018[42] | Denver Riggleman |
| Thomas Rooney | Republican | Florida, District 17 | February 19, 2018[43] | Greg Steube |
| Trey Gowdy | Republican | South Carolina, District 4 | January 31, 2018[44] | William Timmons |
Incumbents who sought other offices
U.S. House members who ran for president
One Democrat
0 Republicans
| Name | Party | Office | Date announced | Winner of open seat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Delaney | Democratic | Maryland, District 6 | July 28, 2017[45] | David Trone |
U.S. House members who sought a seat in the U.S. Senate
3 Democrats
7 Republicans
| Name | Party | Office | Date announced | Winner of open seat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beto O'Rourke | Democratic | Texas, District 16 | March 31, 2017[46] | Veronica Escobar |
| Jacky Rosen | Democratic | Nevada, District 3 | July 6, 2017[47] | Susie Lee |
| James B. Renacci[48][49] | Republican | Ohio, District 16 | January 11, 2018[50] | Anthony Gonzalez |
| Kevin Cramer | Republican | North Dakota, At-Large District | February 15, 2018[51] | Kelly Armstrong |
| Kyrsten Sinema | Democratic | Arizona, District 9 | May 29, 2018[52] | Greg Stanton |
| Lou Barletta | Republican | Pennsylvania, District 11 | August 29, 2017[53] | Lloyd Smucker |
| Luke Messer | Republican | Indiana, District 6 | August 14, 2017[54] | Greg Pence |
| Marsha Blackburn | Republican | Tennessee, District 7 | October 5, 2017[55] | Mark Green |
| Martha McSally | Republican | Arizona, District 2 | January 12, 2018[56] | Ann Kirkpatrick |
| Todd Rokita | Republican | Indiana, District 4 | August 9, 2017[57] | Jim Baird |
U.S. House members who ran for governor
4 Democrats
4 Republicans
| Name | Party | Office | Date announced | Winner of open seat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colleen Hanabusa | Democratic | Hawaii, District 1 | September 1, 2017[58] | Ed Case |
| Diane Black | Republican | Tennessee, District 6 | August 2, 2017[59] | John Rose |
| Jared Polis | Democratic | Colorado, District 2 | June 11, 2017[60] | Joe Neguse |
| Kristi L. Noem | Republican | South Dakota, At-Large District | November 14, 2016[61] | Dusty Johnson |
| Michelle Lujan Grisham | Democratic | New Mexico, District 1 | December 13, 2016[62] | Debra Haaland |
| Raul R. Labrador | Republican | Idaho, District 1 | May 9, 2017[63] | Russ Fulcher |
| Steve Pearce | Republican | New Mexico, District 2 | July 10, 2017[64] | Xochitl Torres Small |
| Tim Walz | Democratic | Minnesota, District 1 | March 27, 2017[65] | Jim Hagedorn |
U.S. House members who ran for state attorney general
1 Democrat
0 Republicans
| Name | Party | Office | Date announced | Winner of open seat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Keith Ellison | Democratic | Minnesota, District 5 | June 5, 2018[66] | Ilhan Omar |
Comparison of retirements
The following table includes figures on Democratic and Republican members of Congress who either left office during their term or announced that they would not seek re-election for each election year since 2012.
| Outgoing members of Congress, 2012-2018 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Chamber | Democrats not seeking re-election | Republicans not seeking re-election | Total not seeking re-election | Democrats leaving office early | Republicans leaving office early | Total leaving office early |
| 2018 | |||||||
| U.S. Senate | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| U.S. House | 18 | 34 | 52 | 3 | 14 | 17 | |
| Total | 18 | 37 | 55 | 4 | 16 | 20 | |
| 2016 | |||||||
| U.S. Senate | 3 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| U.S. House | 16 | 24 | 40 | 2 | 5 | 7 | |
| Total | 19 | 26 | 45 | 2 | 5 | 7 | |
| 2014 | |||||||
| U.S. Senate | 5 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 5 | |
| U.S. House | 16 | 25 | 41 | 3 | 6 | 9 | |
| Total | 21 | 27 | 48 | 6 | 8 | 14 | |
| 2012 | |||||||
| U.S. Senate | 6 | 3 | 10[67] | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| U.S. House | 23 | 20 | 43 | 4 | 1 | 5 | |
| Total | 29 | 23 | 53 | 4 | 1 | 5 | |
Cook Partisan Voter Index
The chart above details the 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for each U.S. House district. The index, developed by Charles Cook of the The Cook Political Report, compares each congressional district's score to that of the nation as a whole. According to Politico, the PVI is designed to "provide a quick overall assessment of generic partisan strength in a congressional district."[68][69][70]
Noteworthy primary results
Democratic primaries
• Massachusetts' 7th Congressional District Democratic primary
Boston City Councilor Ayanna Pressley (D) defeated longtime incumbent Rep. Michael Capuano (D) in his first contested primary in two decades.[71][72]
Pressley ran as a change candidate. While her victory was compared to Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D)'s win in New York's 14th Congressional District, Pressley was neither a political newcomer nor an opponent of a moderate incumbent. She had worked in Massachusetts politics for more than two decades and acknowledged Capuano's progressive voting record.[73][74][75]
• New York's 14th Congressional District Democratic primary
First-time office-seeker Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D) defeated long-time incumbent Rep. Joseph Crowley (D), who had not seen a primary challenge since 2004, in the 2018 Democratic primary for New York's 14th District.[76] Stark fundraising differences and notable endorsements on both sides fueled debate over which candidate had the most progressive credentials.
Crowley, a U.S. representative since 1999 and chairman of the House Democratic Caucus, had a 22-to-1 fundraising lead over newcomer Ocasio-Cortez at the end of March 2018.[77] Ocasio-Cortez pledged not to accept contributions from lobbyists.[78]
Ocasio-Cortez garnered endorsements from progressive groups including Justice Democrats, Brand New Congress, and NYC Democratic Socialists of America.[79] Crowley's list of endorsements included more than 20 labor unions, NARAL Pro-Choice America, Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America, and more than a dozen state legislators.[80]
• Virginia's 10th Congressional District Democratic primary
Six well-funded candidates competed in the Democratic primary for Virginia's 10th Congressional District—a toss-up seat that simultaneously backed Hillary Clinton (D) by 10 points in the 2016 presidential election and elected Republican incumbent Rep. Barbara Comstock.[81] Daily Kos identified Comstock as the eighth-most vulnerable Republican incumbent in the 2018 midterm elections, and it's likely Democrats had to win districts like this one to gain enough seats to win control of the House.[82] Four candidates raised $800,000 or more through the first quarter of 2018: former senior State Department official Alison Kiehl Friedman (D), state Sen. Jennifer Wexton (D), Army veteran Daniel Helmer (D), and former Obama administration official Lindsey Davis Stover.[83]
Wexton received about 42 percent of the vote to win the primary. Friedman finished second with 23 percent, and Stover was third with 16 percent.[84] The general election contest between Comstock and Wexton figures to be one of the most closely watched House races of this cycle.
• Illinois' 3rd Congressional District Democratic primary
Longtime incumbent Rep. and Blue Dog Coalition member Daniel Lipinski defeated political newcomer Marie Newman by just over 2,100 votes, 51 percent to 49 percent, for the Democratic nomination in Illinois’ 3rd Congressional District for a seat held by the party since 1975.[85] This race, called "a battle for the soul of the Democratic party” by Kate Sweeny of the Progressive Change Campaign Committee, was seen as a good example of the struggle between moderate and progressive Democrats.[86]
Newman based her campaign on her opposition to Lipinski's positions on reproductive issues and healthcare, saying that he opposed federal funding for cervical cancer screenings and voted against the Affordable Care Act because of funding for contraception included in the bill. Lipinski countered that he voted 26 times to support funding for family planning programs from 2005 to 2017.[87] Newman received the backing of the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), the NARAL Pro-Choice America and the Human Rights Campaign. Lipinski was backed by the Illinois AFL-CIO, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D), state party chairman Michael Madigan (D), the Chicago Sun Times and the Chicago Tribune.[86]
Republican primaries
• South Carolina's 1st Congressional District Republican primary
Incumbent Rep. Mark Sanford (R) was defeated by state Rep. Katie Arrington (R) by a four percent margin in the Republican primary for South Carolina's 1st Congressional District. Support for President Donald Trump (R) was one of the defining issues of the race. Sanford was critical of Trump's rhetoric and policies, and Arrington used those comments as part of her campaigning strategy in the primary. Arrington was endorsed by Trump just hours before polls closed on June 12.[88]
Sanford spoke of Arrington's challenge, saying "The campaign season is the time to create contrasts, whether they are real or imagined, and in this instance you got a Republican challenger who says I don't vote with Trump enough, and I have a Democratic challenger who says I vote with him too often," he said.[89] Sanford's district backed Trump by 13 points in the 2016 presidential election.[90]
Arrington released an ad in February 2018 tacitly referring to Sanford's relationship with Trump, saying, "[T]oo many Washington politicians only want to attack our president. I am not a politician; I am a mother and small business owner. And I am running for Congress to help pass President Trump’s bold, conservative agenda."[91]
Sanford's campaign priority was curbing federal spending. Arrington insisted the election was about Trump. "When I talk to the voters, they want to know are you for him or against him. That's what they want," she said.[92]
• North Carolina's 9th Congressional District Republican primary
Challenger Mark Harris defeated incumbent Robert Pittenger (R) in the Republican primary in North Carolina's 9th Congressional District. The defeat made Pittenger the first U.S. House incumbent in 2018 to lose his party’s primary. Both candidates portrayed themselves as being more supportive of President Trump in the district, which backed Trump by just under 12 points in 2016. Harris faced the Democratic nominee, businessman and Marine Corps veteran Dan McCready, in the general election.[93][94][95][96]
The Hill listed this primary as one to watch in 2018. It was a rematch of the 2016 Republican primary, which Pittenger won by just 134 votes. Pittenger was listed as one of the top five incumbents at risk to lose a primary, according to a report in The Hill on April 1, 2018.[97][98]
Harris said he sought a rematch in 2018 because Pittenger was not conservative enough for the district. He also criticized Pittenger for his March 2018 vote in favor of the $1.3 trillion spending bill.[93]
Primary competitiveness
A contested primary is one in which voters have a choice on the ballot. Most commonly, this means that there is more than one candidate from the same political party in the race. Exceptions to this include states with multi-member state legislative districts and states featuring a top-two primary system, such as California and Washington.
The following chart compares the number of open seats, incumbents with primary competition, contested partisan primaries, total seats, and total candidates in 2018 versus 2016 and 2014:
Special elections
Special elections to Congress occur when a legislator resigns or is removed from office. Depending on the specific state laws governing vacancies, a state can either hold an election within the same calendar year, or wait until the next regularly scheduled election.
The table below lists special elections to the 115th United States Congress.
| District | Prior Incumbent | Primary Date | General Election Candidates | Election Date | Winner | Partisan Switch? |
| Michigan's 13th | John Conyers Jr. | August 7, 2018 | Brenda Jones No Republican filed |
November 6, 2018 | Brenda Jones |
No |
| New York's 25th | Louise Slaughter | - | Joseph Morelle James Maxwell |
November 6, 2018 | Joseph Morelle |
No |
| Pennsylvania's 7th | Patrick Meehan | - | Mary Gay Scanlon Pearl Kim |
November 6, 2018 | Mary Gay Scanlon |
Yes |
| Pennsylvania's 15th | Charlie Dent | - | Susan Wild Marty Nothstein |
November 6, 2018 | Susan Wild |
Yes |
| South Carolina's 5th | Mick Mulvaney | May 2, 2017 | Archie Parnell Ralph Norman Five other candidates |
June 20, 2017 | Ralph Norman |
No |
| U.S. Senator from Alabama | Jeff Sessions | August 15, 2017 | Roy Moore Doug Jones Arlester McBride |
December 12, 2017 | Doug Jones |
Yes |
| Utah's 3rd | Jason Chaffetz | August 15, 2017 | John Curtis Kathie Allen Joe Buchman Jason Christensen Sean Whalen Jim Bennett |
November 7, 2017 | John Curtis |
No |
| Pennsylvania's 18th | Tim Murphy | N/A | Conor Lamb Rick Saccone |
March 13, 2018 | Conor Lamb |
Yes |
| Georgia's 6th | Tom Price | April 18, 2017[99] | Jon Ossoff Karen Handel |
June 20, 2017[100] | Karen Handel |
No |
| Arizona's 8th | Trent Franks | February 27, 2018 | Hiral Tipirneni Debbie Lesko |
April 24, 2018 | Debbie Lesko |
No |
| Montana's At-Large | Ryan Zinke | N/A | Greg Gianforte Rob Quist Mark Wicks |
May 25, 2017 | Greg Gianforte |
No |
| U.S. Senator from Minnesota | Al Franken | August 14, 2018 | Tina Smith Karin Housley Jerry Trooien * Sarah Wellington |
November 6, 2018 | Tina Smith |
No |
| U.S. Senator from Mississippi | Thad Cochran | June 5, 2018 | Pending | November 6, 2018 | Cindy Hyde-Smith |
No |
| Texas' 27th | Blake Farenthold | N/A | Raul (Roy) Barrera Eric Holguin Mike Westergren Bech Bruun Michael Cloud Marty Perez Daniel Tinus Judith Cutright Chris Suprun |
June 30, 2018 | Michael Cloud |
No |
| Ohio's 12th | Patrick Tiberi | May 8, 2018 | Danny O'Connor Troy Balderson Joe Manchik Jonathan Veley |
August 7, 2018 | Troy Balderson |
No |
| California's 34th | Xavier Becerra | April 4, 2017 | Robert Lee Ahn Jimmy Gomez |
June 6, 2017 | Jimmy Gomez |
No |
| Kansas' 4th | Mike Pompeo | N/A | Ron Estes Jim Thompson Chris Rockhold |
April 11, 2017 | Ron Estes |
No |
Issues
Click the tiles below to read about what members of the 115th Congress said about the following issues.
Throughout the course of the 115th Congress, we curated statements and reactions by members of Congress on a variety of different policy areas and topics. Click on a tile below to read about what members of the 115th Congress said about the following issues.
See also
Footnotes
- ↑ One undecided 2018 race was decided in September 2019 when Dan Bishop (R) won the special election. The state board of elections called a new election following allegations of absentee ballot fraud in the 2018 race. Unofficial returns from the 2018 election showed Mark Harris (R) leading McCready, who was also the Democratic candidate in 2018, by 905 votes. Harris said he did not run again in 2019 due to health issues. Click here for more information on the aftermath of the 2018 election.
- ↑ The New York Times, "House Election Results: G.O.P. Keeps Control," accessed November 15, 2016
- ↑ Denotes the party that had more seats in the U.S. House following the election.
- ↑ Lyndon Johnson's (D) first term began in November 1963 after the death of President John F. Kennedy (D), who was first elected in 1960. Before Johnson had his first midterm in 1966, he was re-elected president in 1964.
- ↑ Gerald Ford's (R) first term began in August 1974 following the resignation of President Richard Nixon (R), who was first elected in 1968 and was re-elected in 1972. Because Ford only served for two full months before facing the electorate, this election is classified as Nixon's second midterm.
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for the 2016 and 2012 elections," accessed February 8, 2017
- ↑ The new 1st district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 8th District held by Fitzpatrick. Click here to read more.
- ↑ The new 5th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 7th District held by Meehan. Click here to read more.
- ↑ The new 6th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 6th District held by Costello. Click here to read more.
- ↑ The new 7th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 15th District held by Dent. Click here to read more.
- ↑ The new 8th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 17th District held by Cartwright. Click here to read more.
- ↑ The new 14th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 18th District Lamb won in a March 2018 special election. Tim Murphy (R) won the old 18th District in the 2016 election. Click here to read more.
- ↑ The Hill, "GOP Rep. Shuster won't seek reelection," January 2, 2018
- ↑ Congressman Bob Goodlatte, "Goodlatte: It’s An Honor to Serve You," November 9, 2017
- ↑ The Hill, "Vulnerable Democrat won’t seek reelection," October 6, 2017
- ↑ CNBC, "California GOP Darrell Issa will retire, giving Democrats another chance to win a seat," January 10, 2018
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Dave Reichert, a swing seat Republican, will retire from the House," September 6, 2017
- ↑ The Detroit News, "Rep. Dave Trott is retiring from U.S. House," September 11, 2017
- ↑ The Hill, "GOP Rep. Ross won't seek reelection," April 11, 2018
- ↑ The Hill, "House Foreign Affairs chairman to retire," January 8, 2018
- ↑ Hartford Courant, "Elizabeth Esty Not Running For Re-Election," April 2, 2018
- ↑ Congressman Frank LoBiondo, "LoBiondo Statement on 2018 Election," accessed November 7, 2017
- ↑ Politico, "Rep. Gene Green to retire," November 13, 2017
- ↑ Clarion Ledger, "Harper won't seek re-election," January 4, 2018
- ↑ Miami Herald, "Why I’m retiring from Congress. A message from Ileana Ros-Lehtinen," April 30, 2017
- ↑ Dallas News, "Republican Jeb Hensarling won't run for re-election," October 31, 2017
- ↑ Dallas News, "Rep. Joe Barton: I will not seek re-election," November 30, 2017
- ↑ WVLT TV, "Congressman Jimmy Duncan will not seek re-election next year," July 31, 2017
- ↑ The Hill, "Lamar Smith to retire from Congress," November 2, 2017
- ↑ Politico, "Gutierrez won't seek reelection," November 27,2017
- ↑ WIBW, "Rep. Lynn Jenkins will not run "for any office in 2018"," January 25, 2017
- ↑ Boston Herald, "Buzz builds over potential candidates to fill Niki Tsongas' seat," August 9, 2017
- ↑ CNN, "House Speaker Paul Ryan won't seek re-election: 'I like to think I've done my part'," April 11, 2018
- ↑ MinnPost, "Rep. Rick Nolan will retire," February 9, 2018
- ↑ The Hill, "Pennsylvania Dem not running for reelection," January 31, 2018
- ↑ Politico, "Frelinghuysen won’t seek reelection," January 29, 2018
- ↑ The Hill, "Kihuen won't seek reelection amid sexual harassment allegations," December 16, 2017
- ↑ The Hill, "Costello won't seek reelection in Pennsylvania," March 25, 2018
- ↑ The Hill, "Texas Rep. Sam Johnson to retire," January 6, 2017
- ↑ Fox News, "Democrat Sandy Levin retiring from House, won't seek 19th term in 2018," December 2, 2017
- ↑ CNN, "Texas Republican Rep. Ted Poe announces retirement", November 7, 2017
- ↑ POLITICO, "Garrett to quit Congress amid servant scandal, alcoholism," May 28, 2018
- ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Rep. Tom Rooney will not seek re-election," February 19, 2018
- ↑ The Hill, "Trey Gowdy announces retirement from Congress," January 30, 2018
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Rep. John Delaney of Maryland to run for president," July 28, 2017
- ↑ The Dallas Morning News, "Beto O'Rourke launches 2018 Senate campaign in underdog bid to unseat Ted Cruz," March 31, 2017
- ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Rosen’s Senate bid the first 2018 political domino to fall in Nevada," July 6, 2017
- ↑ Renacci originally announced he would not seek re-election on March 20, 2017, in order to run for governor.
- ↑ Roll Call, "Who Could Replace Ohio Rep. Jim Renacci in Congress?" March 20, 2017
- ↑ Cleveland.com, "Jim Renacci drops out of the Ohio governor's race to run for Senate," January 11, 2018
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Republican Kevin Cramer to run for Senate in North Dakota in boost for GOP," February 15, 2018
- ↑ ABC15, "Kyrsten Sinema files signatures to run for US Senate," May 29, 2018
- ↑ USA Today, "Rep. Lou Barletta announces challenge to Sen. Bob Casey in 2018 Senate race," August 29, 2017
- ↑ WFYI, "Luke Messer Kicks Off 2018 Senate Campaign," August 14, 2017
- ↑ NPR, "Marsha Blackburn, 'Politically Incorrect And Proud Of It,' Runs For Senate In Tenn.," October 5, 2017
- ↑ USA Today, "Arizona Rep. Martha McSally announces she's running for Senate," January 12, 2018
- ↑ WBAA, "Rokita Launches Senate Bid In Crowded Republican Field," August 9, 2017
- ↑ Hawaii News Now, "U.S. Rep. Hanabusa throws her name in the hat for 2018 gubernatorial race," September 1, 2017
- ↑ The Tennessean, "Diane Black enters race for governor of Tennessee," August 2, 2017
- ↑ The Denver Post, " Jared Polis to join crowded 2018 race for governor, tells The Post he wants 'a Colorado that works for everybody,'" June 11, 2017
- ↑ Argus Leader, "Noem announces historic bid for governor," November 14, 2016
- ↑ Albuquerque Journal, "Lujan Grisham running for governor," December 13, 2016
- ↑ Politico, "Labrador to run for Idaho governor," May 9, 2017
- ↑ Albuquerque Business First, "NM congressman announces run for governor," July 10, 2017
- ↑ Minneapolis Star Tribune, "U.S. Rep. Tim Walz running for governor," March 27, 2017
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Keith Ellison to leave Congress and run for attorney general in Minnesota," June 5, 2018
- ↑ Figure includes Sen. Joe Lieberman (I-Conn.).
- ↑ Politico, "Charlie Cook's PVI," April 10, 2009
- ↑ RedState, "New Cook PVIs Show Big Opportunities for Conservatives in the House," October 11, 2012
- ↑ Swing State Project, "Just what is the Partisan Voter Index (PVI)?" November 16, 2008
- ↑ Massachusetts Secretary of State, "U.S. House Democratic primaries," accessed July 13, 2018
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Massachusetts Primary Election Results," September 4, 2018
- ↑ The Washington Post, "‘Change can’t wait’: Massachusetts Democrat Michael E. Capuano ousted in primary," September 3, 2018
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Why Ayanna Pressley’s Upset Win In Massachusetts Isn’t Really Like Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s," September 5, 2018
- ↑ NPR, "The Next Big Democratic Primary Showdown," July 15, 2018
- ↑ The New York Times, "New York Primary Election Results," June 27, 2018, 10:26AM ET
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "New York - House District 14," accessed May 30, 2018
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Daily Kos, "The most vulnerable House members of 2018, in two charts," January 14, 2018
- ↑ FEC, "Virginia - House District 10," accessed May 16, 2018
- ↑ Virginia Department of Elections, "2018 June Democratic Primary-Unofficial Results," accessed June 13, 2018
- ↑ Chicago Tribune, "2018 Illinois results," accessed April 2, 2018
- ↑ 86.0 86.1 The Intercept, "A Primary Challenge To A Right-Wing Democrat In Illinois Divides The Resistance," December 12, 2017 Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedtrump - ↑ Kentucky, "Trump loyalty test will shape GOP’s 2018 House races," September 13, 2017
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Presidential Election Results by Congressional District," accessed January 11, 2018
- ↑ The Post & Courier, "U.S. Rep. Mark Sanford's GOP challenger Katie Arrington launches first TV ad," February 19, 2018
- ↑ The Post and Courier, "In GOP primary, U.S. Rep. Mark Sanford sticks to fiscal focus while Katie Arrington hones in on Trump," May 21, 2018
- ↑ 93.0 93.1 Miami Herald "Inside the North Carolina scramble to be the most Trump-like candidate of them all," April 26, 2018
- ↑ The Hill "GOP rep faces old foe in N.C. primary," May 2, 2018
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," accessed March 29, 2018
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "North Carolina - House District 9," accessed May 8, 2018
- ↑ The Hill, "Seven primary races to watch in 2018," December 25, 2017
- ↑ The Hill "Five lawmakers facing tough primary races," April 1, 2018
- ↑ While technically a general election, the April 18 election was functionally a top-two primary because no candidate received the 50 percent of the vote required to win the race outright.
- ↑ June 20, 2017, runoff election between Republican Karen Handel and Democrat Jon Ossoff.
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