Donald Trump indictments, 2023-2024

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Donald Trump indictments, 2023-2024
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New York prosecution
Defendant: Donald Trump (R)
Prosecutor: Alvin Bragg (D)
Judge: Juan Merchan
Court: New York Supreme Court

Important dates
Sentencing: July 11, 2024
Verdict: May 30, 2024
Trial: April 15, 2024[1]
Arraignment: April 4, 2023
Indictment: March 30, 2023
Federal prosecution (classified documents case)
Defendant: Donald Trump (R)
Prosecutor: Jack Smith
Judge: Aileen Cannon
Court: Southern District of Florida

Important dates
Trial: TBD[2]
Arraignment: June 13, 2023
Indictment: June 8, 2023

Federal prosecution (2020 election certification case)
Defendant: Donald Trump (R)
Prosecutor: Jack Smith
Judge: Tanya S. Chutkan
Court: United States District Court for the District of Columbia

Important dates
Trial: TBD[3]
Arraignment: August 3, 2023
Indictment: August 1, 2023

Georgia prosecution
Defendant: Donald Trump (R)
Prosecutor: Fani Willis
Judge: Scott McAfee
Court: Fulton County Superior Court

Important dates
Trial: TBD
Arraignment: Waived[4]
Indictment: August 14, 2023


See also
Noteworthy criminal misconduct in American politics (2023-2024)Impeachment of Donald Trump, 2021Impeachment of Donald Trump, 2019-2020

Former President Donald Trump (R) was indicted in four separate criminal cases after leaving office in January 2021. Across these four indictments, Trump has been charged with a total of 88 criminal counts. Click here to read more.

On May 30, 2024, former President Donald Trump (R) was convicted of 34 counts of falsifying business records in the first degree. The trial began on April 15. The indictment was released in March 2023.[5][6] To read more about this trial, click here.

In June 2023, Trump was indicted on 37 federal criminal charges related to his handling of classified government documents. The prosecution added three additional criminal charges to the case the following month. The trial began on August 14, 2023.[7] To read more about this indictment, click here.

In August 2023, Trump was indicted on four federal criminal charges related to interference in the certification of the 2020 presidential election. To read more about this indictment, click here.

In August 2023, Trump was indicted in Georgia on 13 criminal counts related to interference in the 2020 election in Georgia. In March 2024, Fulton County Superior Court Judge Scott McAfee struck three of these charges for lack of specificity. To read more about this indictment, click here.

Upcoming dates

This section contains upcoming dates related to all four indictments.

  • July 11, 2024: Trump's sentencing hearing will take place in the New York case.[8]

Overview

Across Trump's four indictments, he has been charged with a total of 88 criminal counts. As of May 30, 2024, he has been found guilty of 34 criminal counts. See the table below for a full list of charges in each case and how Trump has pleaded. Click [show] next to each list of counts to view the specific charges.

Trump indictments overview
Case Counts Total charges Plea Verdicts
New York indictment 34 Not guilty Guilty of 34 counts
Federal indictment (classified documents case) 40 Not guilty TBD
Federal indictment (2020 election certification case) 4 Not guilty TBD
Georgia indictment 10[9] Not guilty TBD
Total 88 Guilty: 34

New York indictment

See also: New York prosecution of Donald Trump, 2023-2024

On May 30, 2024, a Manhattan jury found former President Donald Trump (R) guilty of 34 counts of falsifying business records in the first degree, making Trump the first U.S. president to ever be indicted on and convicted of felony crimes after his time in office.[10] Trump's sentencing hearing will take place on July 11.[11]

Trump responded to the verdict, saying, "This was a rigged, disgraceful trial. The real verdict is gonna be November 5th by the people."[12] Trump said he will appeal the ruling. Trump's legal team can file a notice of appeal within 30 days of his sentencing date, and the appeal would be heard by a New York Appellate Division court.[13]

Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg (D) announced the grand jury criminal indictment of Trump on March 30, 2023, .[14] The indictment was unsealed on April 4, showing that the grand jury had voted to charge Trump with 34 counts of falsifying business records in the first degree.[15] The trial began on April 15, 2024.[16][5][17][18] Judge Juan Merchan presided over the grand jury and the case.[19][20][21]

Timeline

The section below provides a timeline of events related to the indictment of Trump in the state of New York. To see a more detailed overview of trial proceedings, click here.

  • May 30, 2024: The jury found Trump guilty of all 34 counts of falsifying business records.[22]
  • May 29, 2024: The jury began deliberating on a verdict.[23] Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
  • May 28, 2024: The prosecution and defense delivered closing arguments.[24] Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
  • May 21, 2024: The defense finished calling witnesses to the stand.[25] Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
  • May 20, 2024: The prosecution finished calling witnesses to the stand, and the defense began calling witnesses.[26] Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
  • May 6, 2024: Merchan found that Trump had violated the gag order in this case. Merchan fined Trump $1,000.[27] Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
  • April 30, 2024: Merchan found that Trump had violated the gag order in this case nine times. Merchan fined Trump $9,000.[28] Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
  • April 22, 2024: The prosecution and defense delivered opening statements. The prosecution's witnesses began taking the stand.[29] Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
  • April 19, 2024: Jury selection was completed.[30]
  • April 15, 2024: The trial began.[17][31][32] The first day of the trial included hearings on pre-trial motions and the start of jury selection.[33]
  • April 1, 2024: Merchan expanded an order limiting public statements Trump can make about individuals involved with the case. Trump was barred from making certain statements about Bragg's and Merchan's families.[34]
  • March 26, 2024: Merchan issued an order limiting public statements Trump can make about court staff, jurors, witnesses, lawyers in the district attorney's office, and their families.[35]
  • March 25, 2024: Merchan held a hearing to determine whether the trial date should be further delayed. Merchan confirmed the trial would begin on April 15, 2024.[36]
  • March 15, 2024: Merchan delayed the start of the trial by 30 days following the disclosure of more than 100,000 additional pages of records. He stated a new date would be set if more time was necessary to review the pages.[17]
  • February 15, 2024: Trump attended a hearing regarding trial scheduling.[37] Merchan confirmed the trial would begin on March 25 with jury selection.[38]
  • May 8, 2023: Merchan issued a ruling saying parties to the case who receive evidence provided by the defense, including Trump, "shall not copy, disseminate, or disclose the Covered Materials, in any form or by any means, to any third party (except to those employed by counsel to assist in the defense of the above-captioned criminal proceeding) including, but not limited to, by disseminating or posting the Covered Materials to any news or social media platforms, including, but not limited, to Truth Social, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Twitter, Snapchat, or YouTube, without prior approval from the Court."[39] Merchan said Trump could still make general public comments about the case.[40]
  • May 4, 2023: Merchan heard arguments regarding whether the court should limit public comments from participants in the case, including from Trump, about the evidence in the case.[41]
  • April 4, 2023: Trump was arraigned and pleaded not guilty to the criminal charges.[42][43] The indictment was unsealed, showing the grand jury had voted to indict Trump on 34 counts of falsifying business records in the first degree.[15]
  • March 30, 2023: Bragg issued a statement saying the grand jury had indicted Trump on criminal charges.[14]
  • March 18, 2023: Trump posted on Truth Social saying he expected to be arrested in relation to this case on March 21.[44]
  • January 2023: The grand jury for this case was empaneled.[45][46]
  • December 6, 2022: The Trump Organization was found guilty of 17 counts of tax fraud in a jury trial before the New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District. Bragg led the prosecution in the case and Judge Juan Merchan presided over the trial.[47][48][49]
  • January 1, 2022: Bragg assumed office as Manhattan District Attorney.[50]


Text of the indictment


The section below provides the text of the indictment released on April 4, 2023.

Federal indictment (classified documents case)

See also: Federal prosecution of Donald Trump, 2023-2024 (classified documents case)

Former President Donald Trump (R) was arraigned on June 13, 2023, on 37 federal criminal charges related to his handling of classified government documents. Trump pleaded not guilty.[7] On July 27, 2023, three additional charges were added to the indictment.[51]

On May 7, 2024, Judge Aileen Cannon postponed the trial indefinitely.[52]

In November 2022, U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland appointed special counsel Jack Smith to investigate allegations that Trump had knowingly taken classified documents to his home at Mar-a-Lago after he left office and obstructed investigators who attempted to retrieve them. Before this appointment, Smith served as a chief prosecutor for the special court in The Hague, Netherlands, where he investigated war crimes in Kosovo.[53]

The indictment was unsealed on June 9, 2023, and contained 37 criminal counts. A superseding indictment was released on July 27, 2023, and added three additional charges, resulting in a total of forty criminal counts. Thirty-two counts were on the willful retention of national defense information. The other counts included:[54][51]

  • conspiracy to obstruct justice;
  • withholding a document or record;
  • corruptly concealing a document or record;
  • concealing a document in a federal investigation;
  • scheme to conceal;
  • false statements and representations;
  • attempting to alter, destroy, or conceal evidence; and
  • compelling another individual to alter, destroy, or conceal evidence.

Timeline

The section below provides a timeline of events related to the federal indictment of Trump.

  • May 7, 2024: Judge Aileen Cannon postponed the trial indefinitely.[55]
  • March 14, 2024: Trump attended a hearing regarding motions to dismiss filed by Trump's legal team.[56]
  • February 12, 2024: Trump attended a private hearing regarding whether some classified material could be withheld from discovery.[57]
  • July 27, 2023: Smith released a superseding indictment in the case, adding three criminal charges to the indictment.[51]
  • July 21, 2023: Cannon set the jury trial start date for May 20, 2024.[58]
  • June 13, 2023: Trump pleaded not guilty during his arraignment in U.S. district court in Miami regarding the federal indictment.[7] Magistrate Judge Jonathan Goodman presided over the arraignment and bond hearing.[59]
  • June 10, 2023: Cannon was assigned as the lead judge on the case.[60]
  • June 9, 2023: The indictment against Trump was unsealed. The document contained 37 criminal counts.[54]
  • June 8, 2023: Trump announced that he had been indicted by a grand jury in Miami on seven federal criminal charges for his alleged mishandling of classified documents.[61]
  • November 18, 2022: Garland appointed Smith as special counsel.[62]
  • August 9, 2022: Federal Bureau of Investigation agents executed a search warrant on Trump's home at Mar-a-Lago as part of an investigation into whether Trump brought classified documents there after he left office in January 2021.[63]
  • March 2022: The Federal Bureau of Investigation launched an investigation into whether Trump was improperly storing classified materials.[64]
  • January 2022: The National Archives and Records Administration notified the United States Department of Justice that it had identified classified national security information among records Trump transferred to NARA.[64]


Text of the indictment


Superseding indictment (7/27/2023)

The section below provides the text of the superseding indictment released on July 27, 2023.

Initial indictment (6/9/2023)

The section below provides the text of the indictment released on June 9, 2023.

Federal indictment (2020 election certification case)

See also: Federal prosecution of Donald Trump, 2023-2024 (2020 election certification case)

Former President Donald Trump (R) was indicted on August 1, 2023, on four federal criminal charges related to the certification of the 2020 presidential election. The indictment was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, and was set to be heard by Judge Tanya S. Chutkan. Trump pleaded not guilty.[65]

The indictment was unsealed the same day it was announced with the following charges alleged against Trump:

  • conspiracy to defraud the United States "by using dishonesty, fraud and deceit to obstruct the nation’s process of collecting, counting, and certifying the results of the presidential election;"
  • conspiracy to obstruct the certification of the electoral vote on January 6, 2021;
  • obstruction of the certification of the electoral vote on January 6, 2021; and
  • conspiracy "to injure, oppress, threaten, and intimidate one or more persons in the free exercise and enjoyment of" the right to vote and have one's vote counted.[66]

Following the release of the indictment, Trump said, "this is nothing more than the latest corrupt chapter in the continued pathetic attempt by the Biden Crime Family and their weaponized Department of Justice to interfere with the 2024 Presidential Election, in which President Trump is the undisputed frontrunner."[67]

In a press conference following the indictment, special counsel Jack Smith said, "Since the attack on our capitol, the Department of Justice has remained committed to ensuring accountability for those criminally responsible for what happened that day. This case is brought consistent with that commitment."[68]

In November 2022, U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland appointed Smith to investigate whether any individual or entity "unlawfully interfered with the transfer of power following the 2020 presidential election or the certification of the Electoral College vote held on or about January 6, 2021."[69] Before this appointment, Smith served as a chief prosecutor for the special court in The Hague, Netherlands, where he investigated war crimes in Kosovo.[53]

Timeline

The section below provides a timeline of events related to the federal indictment of Trump on charges related to the certification of the 2020 presidential election.

  • April 25, 2024: The Supreme Court heard oral arguments on Trump's presidential immunity claim.[70][71]
  • February 28, 2024: The Supreme Court of the United States agreed to hear the case regarding Trump's immunity claim.[72]
  • February 12, 2024: Trump's legal team asked the Supreme Court of the United States to stay the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit's ruling against Trump's presidential immunity motion to dismiss.[73] Smith filed a response to the appeal on February 15.[74]
  • February 6, 2024: A three-judge panel on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled unanimously against Trump's presidential immunity motion to dismiss.[75]
  • February 2, 2024: The original trial date of March 4, 2024, was removed from the court's calendar, meaning the trial would likely be rescheduled pending the resolution of the appeals process for the presidential immunity motion to dismiss.[76]
  • December 22, 2023: The Supreme Court of the United States rejected Jack Smith's request asking the court to immediately review the Trump legal team's motion to dismiss the case on the grounds of presidential immunity.[77]
  • December 13, 2023: Chutkan issued a stay in the case pending the resolution of the appeal process for the Trump legal team's motion to dismiss the case on the grounds of presidential immunity.[78]
  • December 11, 2023: Jack Smith submitted a request to the Supreme Court of the United States asking the court to immediately review the Trump legal team's motion to dismiss the case on the grounds of presidential immunity.[79] The Supreme Court said it would consider Smith's request.[80]
  • December 8, 2023: A three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit unanimously ruled to uphold most of Chutkan's order prohibiting parties in the case from making public statements about individuals associated with the case. The panel lifted the restrictions on statements about Jack Smith and some statements about potential witnesses. It also said Trump can't make statements about staff members and personnel's or potential witness' participation in the trial, but could speak about them broadly.[81]
  • December 1, 2023: Chutkan rejected the Trump legal team's motion seeking to dismiss the case on the grounds of presidential immunity.[82]
  • October 29, 2023: Chutkan reinstated the order prohibiting parties in the case from making public statements about Jack Smith and his staff, the defense counsel and his staff, court staff and personnel, or any reasonably foreseeable witness or the substance of their testimony.[83]
  • October 20, 2023: Chutkan stayed the order prohibiting parties in the case from making public statements about Jack Smith and his staff, the defense counsel and his staff, court staff and personnel, or any reasonably foreseeable witness or the substance of their testimony.[84]
  • October 17, 2023: Chutkan issued an order prohibiting parties in the case from making public statements about Jack Smith and his staff, the defense counsel and his staff, court staff and personnel, or any reasonably foreseeable witness or the substance of their testimony.[85]
  • October 5, 2023: Trump's counsel filed a motion seeking to dismiss the case on the grounds of presidential immunity.[86]
  • August 28, 2023: Chutkan set a date of March 4, 2024, for Trump's federal 2020 election certification trial.[87]
  • August 11, 2023: Chutkan modified a protective order limiting the extent to which parties to the case can speak publicly about evidence. She limited the order to sensitive materials, rather than all materials given to the defense. Trump's lawyers requested the modification in an August 7 filing.[88][89]
  • August 3, 2023: Trump pleaded not guilty at his arraignment.[90]
  • August 1, 2023: The indictment was unsealed. The document contained four criminal counts.
  • December 22, 2022: The House Select Committee investigating the January 6, 2021, breach of the U.S. Capitol made criminal referrals to the U.S. Department of Justice against Donald Trump, Mark Meadows, Rudy Giuliani, John Eastman, Jeffrey Clark, and Kenneth Chesebro. The charges referred were inciting insurrection, conspiracy to defraud the United States, obstruction of an act of Congress, and one charge not specified at the time of the committee hearing.[91]
  • November 18, 2022: Garland appointed Smith as special counsel.[92]
  • June 24, 2021: House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) announced the formation of a select committee to investigate the root causes of the breach of the U.S. Capitol and general security issues related to the incident. For more detailed coverage of the committee's activities, click here.
  • January 7, 2021: Congress reconvened and certified the Electoral College results.
  • January 6, 2021: Congress convened to certify the Electoral College results. Both chambers recessed after pro-Trump demonstrators entered the U.S. Capitol. For a more detailed timeline of events on January 6, 2021, click here.
  • December 14, 2020: Election results were finalized. Joe Biden (D) won the presidential election with 306 electoral college votes to Trump's 232.
  • November 7, 2020: Media outlets identified Biden as the projected winner of the 2020 presidential election.


Text of the indictment


The section below provides the text of the indictment released on August 1, 2023.

Georgia indictment

See also: Georgia prosecution of Donald Trump, 2023-2024

Former President Donald Trump (R) was indicted on 13 criminal charges related to interference in the 2020 presidential election results in Georgia. Trump pleaded not guilty on August 31.[93] Judge Scott McAfee struck three of these charges for lack of specificity on March 13, 2024.[94]

Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis (D) filed the indictment in Fulton Superior Court in Georgia, and the case is being heard by Judge Scott McAfee.[95]

The indictment was unsealed on August 14, 2023, the same day it was announced that the grand jury had voted to issue an indictment.[96] It included the following charges against Trump:[96]

  • violation of Georgia's Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act;
  • conspiracy to impersonate a public officer, to commit first degree forgery, to commit false statements and writings, and to file false documents;
  • filing false documents; and
  • issuing false statements and writings.

The indictment included a total of 41 criminal counts related to interference in Georgia's 2020 presidential election results against 19 defendants, including Trump, former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani (R), former White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows, former Georgia Republican Party Chairman David Shafer, and Georgia State Senator Shawn Still (R), among others.[96] McAfee struck six of these counts in March 2024 due to lack of specificity.[94] To view a full list of defendants and the charges issued against each, click here.

Trump's campaign issued a statement shortly before the indictment was released, saying, "GA's radical Democrat District Attorney Fani Willis is a rabid partisan who is campaigning and fundraising on a platform of prosecuting President Trump through these bogus indictments. [...] They are taking away President Trump's First Amendment right to free speech, and the right to challenge a rigged and stolen election that the Democrats do all the time."[97]

In a press conference after the indictment was released, Willis said, "I remind everyone here that an indictment is only a series of allegations based on a grand jury's determination of probable cause to support the charges. It is now the duty of my office to prove these charges in the indictment beyond a reasonable doubt at trial."[98]

The indictment followed a special grand jury investigation into whether Trump and his allies attempted to change the outcome of the 2020 presidential election in Georgia. The grand jury convened in May 2022, and completed its investigation in January 2023.[99]

Timeline

The section below provides a timeline of events related to the indictment of Trump in the state of Georgia.

  • June 5, 2024: The Georgia Court of Appeals stayed proceedings in this case pending the resolution of an appeal related to whether Willis should be allowed to continue in her role as prosecutor.[100]
  • March 15, 2024: McAfee ruled that either Willis and her office or special prosecutor Nathan Wade would be permitted to continue with the prosecution if the other withdrew from the case. The same day, Wade resigned, allowing Willis and her office to continue with the prosecution.[101][102]
  • March 13, 2024: McAfee struck Counts 2, 5, 6, 23, 28, and 38 from the indictment. Trump had been charged on three of these counts. Defendants challenged the specificity of the charges, which all related to solicitation of violation of oath of office. McAfee ruled the charges lacked specificity and struck them from the indictment, but said the prosecution could refile the charges.[94]
  • February 2, 2024: Willis filed a response to the motion requesting her removal from the case that said Willis did not have a personal relationship with Wade at the time of his appointment, that the personal relationship that developed between Willis and Wade did not constitute a conflict of interest, and that "the personal relationship between Special Prosecutor Wade and District Attorney Willis has never involved direct or indirect financial benefit to District Attorney Willis."[103]
  • January 8, 2024: An attorney defending Michael Roman filed a motion alleging that Fani Willis (D) improperly hired Nathan Wade as a special prosecutor because they were in a romantic relationship at the time of his hiring and that Willis had benefitted financially from hiring Wade. The motion requested that the Willis, Wade, and Willis' office be disqualified from prosecuting the case.[104]
  • October 24, 2023: Defendant Jenna Ellis entered a guilty plea to one felony count as part of a plea deal, meaning she will not go to trial.[105]
  • October 20, 2023: Defendant Kenneth Chesebro entered a guilty plea to one felony count as part of a plea deal, meaning he will not go to trial.[106]
  • October 19, 2023: Defendant Sidney Powell entered a guilty plea to six misdemeanor counts as part of a plea deal, meaning she will not go to trial.[107]
  • September 29, 2023: Defendant Scott Hall entered a guilty plea to five misdemeanor counts as part of a plea deal, meaning he will not go to trial.[108]
  • September 14, 2023: Judge Scott McAfee granted a request from Sidney Powell and Kenneth Chesebro to sever their trial from that of the 17 other defendants in the case. Their trial was scheduled to begin October 23, 2023.[109][110]
  • August 31, 2023: Trump waived his right to appear at an arraignment, pleading not guilty to the charges via a court filing.[111]
  • August 24, 2023: Trump appeared in Georgia to be booked on his charges.[112]
  • August 14, 2023: The indictment was unsealed. It contained a total of 41 charges against 19 defendants. Trump was charged with 13 criminal counts.[96]
  • January 9, 2023: Fulton County Superior Judge Robert C. McBurney announced the special grand jury investigation was complete.[99]
  • May 2, 2022: The members were selected for a special grand jury investigating whether Trump or others interfered in the 2020 presidential election results in Georgia.[99]
  • February 10, 2021: Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis (D) announced her office would launch a criminal investigation into whether Trump or his allies attempted to change the 2020 presidential election results in Georgia.[99]
  • December 7, 2020: After a machine recount of the presidential election results in Georgia was completed on December 4 with no change in the outcome of the election identified, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger (R) re-certified the election results.
  • November 20, 2020: Media outlets identified Joe Biden (D) as the winner of the presidential election in Georgia following a hand-count audit of ballots cast in the presidential election. Biden defeated Trump 49.5% to 49.3%.


Text of the indictment


The section below provides the text of the indictment released on August 15, 2023.

McAfee ruling striking six counts from the indictment (March 13, 2024)

History of U.S. presidents and criminal charges

Was this the first time a former U.S. president was charged with a criminal offense? Yes. The New York indictment was the first time in American history that a U.S. president was charged with a criminal offense after leaving office.

A former U.S. president has been previously named in an indictment, but was not charged in the indictment. In 1974, Richard Nixon (R) was named as an unindicted co-conspirator in the grand jury indictment responding to Watergate. The special prosecutor did not charge Nixon after he resigned from office because Gerald Ford (R), his successor, issued a blanket pardon for Nixon's actions in relation to Watergate.[113][114]

Presidents have faced criminal charges before and during their presidencies. George W. Bush (R) pleaded guilty to a charge of driving under the influence of alcohol in 1976, twenty-four years before he first ran for president in 2000.[115] Ulysses S. Grant (R) was charged with speeding in a horse-drawn carriage in 1872, his fourth year in office as president.[116] A president has also faced a civil suit while in office. Bill Clinton (D) was sued for allegations of sexual harassment in 1997. The case was settled out of court the following year.[117][118]

The United States House of Representatives has also approved articles of impeachment against sitting presidents five times in United States history. The first was against Andrew Johnson (Union) in 1868, the second was against Nixon in 1974, the third was against Clinton in 1998, and the fourth and fifth were against Trump in 2019 and 2021, respectively. Johnson, Clinton, and Trump were each acquitted by the Senate, and Nixon resigned before the Senate could vote on his impeachment.[119]

Cornell Law School's Legal Information Institute defines impeachment as a quasi-criminal proceeding.[120] The process by which the House draws up articles of impeachment bears some similarity to the process by which a grand jury approves an indictment in that the prosecution presents a case to a group of people who then vote on whether or not to charge the individual in question. However, there are several key differences between an impeachment and a criminal proceeding. The stakes for an accused individual in an impeachment proceeding are whether or not that individual can continue to serve in office, while the stakes in a criminal proceeding can involve loss of property, liberty, or life. Because of this, many of the legal protections and guidelines that apply in a criminal case, such as the right to a lawyer for the accused, the ability to strike possibly biased members from a jury, or the beyond a reasonable doubt evidentiary standard, do not apply to impeachment proceedings.[121]

What a grand jury does

A Grand jury is defined as "a group of people who look at the evidence against someone who has been accused of a crime in order to decide if there should be a trial."[122]

Prosecutors present evidence to a grand jury, which decides whether there is probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed. Grand juries are made up of 16 to 23 people, who serve for a period of one month up to one year.

Grand jury sessions are held in private, usually not in the presence of the alleged criminal. Grand juries may request additional evidence such as witness testimony or documents to investigate on their own unimpeded by outside influence.[123]

The Supreme Court case United States v. Williams (1992) said that a grand jury is "a kind of buffer or referee between the Government and the people."[124] It decides if there is enough evidence to formally charge a suspect with a crime.

See also

Footnotes

  1. The trial was initially scheduled for March 25, 2024. It was delayed after the disclosure of 100,000 pages of new evidence in the case.
  2. The trial was initially scheduled for May 20, 2024. On May 7, 2024, Judge Aileen Cannon delayed the trial indefinitely.
  3. The trial was initially scheduled for March 4, 2024. It was delayed due to appeals on a motion to dismiss.
  4. Trump waived his arraignment, pleading not guilty on August 31, 2023.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Associated Press, "Trump makes video appearance in New York criminal case, trial date set for March primary season," May 24, 2023
  6. Associated Press, "Trump’s New York hush money case is set for trial April 15," March 25, 2024
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 CNN, "Donald Trump indicted on 7 counts in classified documents probe," June 9, 2023
  8. USA Today, "Donald Trump found guilty: Will he go to prison? What to know ahead of sentencing," May 30, 2024
  9. Fulton County Superior Court Judge Scott McAfee struck three charges from this list for lack of specificity.
  10. CNBC, "Trump guilty on all 34 counts in hush money trial, in historic first for a former U.S. president," May 30, 2024
  11. USA Today, "Donald Trump found guilty: Will he go to prison? What to know ahead of sentencing," May 30, 2024
  12. YouTube, "LIVE: Trump convicted of all 34 counts in hush money trial," May 30, 2024
  13. Axios, "How Trump's appeal will play out," May 31, 2024
  14. 14.0 14.1 Twitter, "Alvin Bragg on March 30, 2023," accessed March 31, 2023
  15. 15.0 15.1 Manhattan District Attorney, "Donald J. Trump Indictment," accessed April 4, 2023
  16. The trial was originally set to start on March 25, 2024, but was delayed due to the release of over 100,000 page of new evidence.
  17. 17.0 17.1 17.2 The New York Times, "Judge Delays Trump’s Manhattan Trial Until at Least Mid-April," March 15, 2024
  18. Associated Press, "Trump’s New York hush money case is set for trial April 15," March 25, 2024
  19. Lawfare, "New York Supreme Court Judge Allows Public Disclosure of Trump Indictment," March 31, 2023
  20. The New York Times, "Grand Jury Votes to Indict Donald Trump in New York," March 30, 2023
  21. Wall Street Journal, "Grand Jury Votes to Indict Donald Trump," March 30, 2023
  22. CNBC, "Trump guilty on all 34 counts in hush money trial, in historic first for a former U.S. president," May 30, 2024
  23. Associated Press, "Trump trial live updates: Jury deliberations underway in hush money case," May 29, 2024
  24. Associated Press, "Trump trial live updates: Defense lawyer delivers closing argument," May 28, 2024
  25. Associated Press, "Donald Trump’s hush money trial: Highlights from day 20," May 21, 2024
  26. Associated Press, "Highlights from day 19 of Donald Trump’s hush money trial: Prosecution rests," May 20, 2024
  27. Reuters, "Judge fines Trump again in criminal trial, warns of jail time," May 6, 2024
  28. Associated Press, "Trump held in contempt of court for violating gag order in hush money case and ordered to pay $9,000," April 30, 2024
  29. Reuters, "Key quotes from Trump's criminal hush money trial," April 23, 2024
  30. NBC News, "Jury selection in Trump's hush money trial completed during tense day in court," April 19, 2024
  31. The Washington Post, "Judge orders delay in Trump hush money trial until at least mid-April," March 15, 2024
  32. Associated Press, "Trump’s New York hush money case is set for trial April 15," March 25, 2024
  33. Associated Press, "Trump hush money trial live updates: Jury selection underway," April 15, 2023
  34. The Hill, "4-1-24 Merchan order expanding Trump gag order," April 1, 2024
  35. BBC, "Judge imposes gag order in Trump hush money case," March 26, 2024
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