I don’t find all of this convincing. The ability to build a good transit system *does* predict GDP growth, and the link is state capacity to build things and enforce rules. There’s a reason that the countries that put together the state capacity to build or enforce rules are rich. There is no requirement that you can only be good at some subset of things that require state capacity. There is no trade off, there is only gain from doing the job better.
I will grant you that “ability to build a good transit system” not only correlates with but actually causes a country not to be poor. Or in the words of this discussion, the ability to build a good transit system does predict relatively decent versus relatively poor GDP *LEVEL*.
But that is very different than saying in the modern world - call it the last 50 years - the the ability to build a good transit system does predict ONGOING GDP *growth*.
California (and I am *no* fan of today’s CA governance) vs. Japan and Europe demonstrates decidedly that it does not.