“Most people would be surprised to learn that the majority of Muslim, Arab, and Jewish immigration into what is now Israel happened at around the same period in time, often for the same reasons. The Ottoman Empire’s mid-19th century Tanzimat Reforms, the empire’s modernization and reorganization efforts, settled tribal violence and opened up land for purchase in Palestine that had never been available before, including to Jewish refugees, other Jews of the Ottoman Empire, and to surrounding Arabs who bought and sold land”