#2 what is "deficit spending"? It is nonsense. You cannot spend a deficit. You cannot spend by having a deficit, nor by not having a deficit. Governments running MMT systems (most of them) spend in one and only one way, by instructing their central bank to mark up bank accounts, using a computer. No deficit is involved.

The government surplus/deficit is an accounting residual you only know at the end of an accounting period. If full employment has been achieved no one should care what the number is, positive or negative. That they *do* care is a cause of massive economic misery for the poor.