"First problem: define intelligence."

Any argument that begins with a demand for definition of an uncontroversial term has already fallen on its face. Same for "who gets to decide" in all its incarnations.

Intelligence is the ability to process information, to discern patterns, to think in abstractions.

Your hostililty to the idea seems extreme. Care to share why?

Edit: "At a time when there's confusion between "artificial intelligence" and "machine learning", this is not a trivial question."

Software development is a steaming pile of neologism manure and imprecise terminology replacing the precise, because the new ones sound "cool." You cannot draw any conclusions from this more profound than "programmers are compulsive conformists." The best I can venture is that ML is a subset of AI.

Let me give you an example ... "unfinished work" is now called "technical debt."