This is a bit of an aside but years ago while I was working in Brazil I went to a night club/restaurant and commented to my associate that in America this food would be called soul food. He relied, "Slave food. In Brazil we have a parallel history to America and had far more slaves." I didn't really get a chance to clearly observe the racial/racism situation. The people that I worked with were white people.

When comparing racism in America to other countries it might be informative to investigate it in Brazil there where trans-Atlantic slave trade was much larger but similar to America. It could shed light on influence of trans-Atlantic slave trade vs. the origins of the white people in those countries.

I worked in Saudi Arabia for several years. There were black people there as a result of trans-Saharan slavery. The Arabs that I worked with freely pointed out that a black Saudi in the shop was a descendent of slavery. As an outsider I couldn't see the magnitude of that issue. Most of their strife was Sunni-Shia (religious). Again, it is a place where slaves were taken from Africa but the slave holders were Arab, rather than of European origin..