If a bishop repeatedly tells ordinary Catholics that we may reasonably hope all are saved, that hell may be empty of men, that Judas might be saved, and that we should suspend judgment at precisely the points where the tradition warned most sternly, then the result in the pews is the same practical conclusion: hell recedes, judgment blurs, fear of God evaporates, and presumption takes the throne. Formal universalism says, “All will be saved.” Barron’s version says, “You may not say all will be saved, but you should hope that all will be saved, including Judas, and you should think of hell as a real possibility that may in fact contain no human beings.”