In the 5 and 1/2 years I spent in Pharmacy school, people are shocked when I tell them we spent a grand total of 15 minutes "learning" to read prescriptions. It is all about knowing what you are looking for, and of course being familiar with the prescriber. One thing we did spend sufficient time learning from some pretty smart professors was how to read clinical research and incorporation into a "study." A lot of it is seeing what they didn't put in it, rather than what they did. Often this can lead to easier identification of what is most likely mis-interpreted or fraudulent data. It never hurts to see who is funding it as well.

You must have the raw data for proper analysis, often lacking without additional research. Also helpful is background data on the researchers themselves, to get a feel for what type of work they do or are actually qualified to do.

This revolving door between the FDA and Big Pharma has led to a system where then ends, big profits, justify the means, total lack of oversight or any "moral" compass.

It is like I said, Big Pharma makes the "Deep State" ("THE STATE") look like rank amateurs in comparison, but they are getting sloppy, and careless, and simply DO NOT CARE.