"In his doctoral dissertation from 1904, Spengler approaches Heraclitus as a thinker of process. Being appears as becoming, order as measure, and truth as logos grasped through form. This stance rejects any picture of cultures as fixed substances. Civilizations arise, unfold, harden, and pass on their force into new shapes. History, in this view, reads as a record of growth and decline governed by inner law rather than by choice or plan. Such clarity gives Spengler his lasting power."

— Constantin von Hoffmeister, from the preface to Oswald Spengler's Heraclitus: A Study of the Energetic Core of His Philosophy

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