This is an excellent essay, indeed. You are correct, the issues are quite complex. One problem is that when people discuss "group" differences, they often don't understand how to define the groups. For instance, see, "When ‘Black’ & ‘Hispanic’ Students Outscore ‘Asian’ & ‘White’ Students on the ACT, Nobody Notices" everythingisbiology.sub… … Thank you again for an excellent essay. Sincerely, Frederick