In Conference Room 305 at Public Health Agency of Canada headquarters in Ottawa, the NACI meeting reached its core agenda at 11:17 a.m. Members examined the new scoping review published in the Canada Communicable Disease Report.

Researchers had analyzed 101 peer-reviewed studies. Every one documented lower vaccine uptake rates among Black populations, whether for COVID-19, HPV, influenza, pneumococcal, or MMR vaccines.

Thirteen studies identified interactions with healthcare providers as pivotal. Uptake increased when providers routinely offered and discussed vaccination. Trust in the provider was the most influential external factor.

Eleven studies linked cost and insurance status to lower participation. One analysis found a 32.7 percent jump in acceptance when vaccines were provided free of charge.

Fifteen studies documented deep concerns about vaccine safety and long-term effects. Participants cited rushed development during emergencies. Two studies pointed to historical mistreatment and systemic racism in healthcare as reasons for mistrust of medical establishments, pharmaceutical companies, and government agencies.

As the National Advisory Committee on Immunization marks 60 years, its mandate now embeds ethics, equity, and acceptability alongside efficacy and safety. New expertise in social sciences and Indigenous health supports targeted recommendations.

For Black families in Canada weighing immunization options today, the 101 studies map the barriers that national policy must still bridge.