Every major prohibition in contract law maps onto a species of ẓulm:

- Gharar is ẓulm through uncertainty: one party bears unknowable risk.

- Riba is ẓulm through inequivalence: the exchange is structurally unequal.

- Ikrāh (coercion) is ẓulm through the negation of consent.

- Ghabn is ẓulm through price discrepancy.