Deterministic Consciousness is precluded by Russell’s Paradox

Consciousness is by definition reflexive, it contains itself, and contains nothing in excess of itself, therefore always a totality of itself: totality of all ideas that do not contain themselves (since ideas are not conscious of themselves). But if consciousness contains itself, as dictated by the premise of reflexivity, then it is not an idea and therefore does not contain itself: Russell’s Paradox. The contradiction is eliminated only by consciousness changing its self-conception (identity) in time, so that it contains itself only as an idea of its past, different from its present totality that cannot be grasped as one until it also becomes the past, and so on (essential incompleteness). The totality cannot change its identity deterministically, as then it would remain the same totality and result in Russell’s Paradox, hence consciousness is necessarily non-deterministic.

Another way, every thought, insofar as it has definite content, is already in excess of this content, is about that content, and this aboutness is not included in the content.

Something I wrote on this topic in 2018: