I don’t have much to add on China’s 2025 national security white paper. It mostly recycles standard lines. My takeaways:

1. The tone is sharper and leans on ideological language that keeps circling back to Party authority.

2. Beijing now labels everything from data and AI to deep sea and polar research as national‑security territory.

3. The text points to US trade and tech pressure as the main threat and uses that claim to justify tighter controls and a push for self‑reliance.