On public goods provision, I’ve seen Democrats struggle to build high-speed rail, EV chargers, and rural broadband, despite throwing tens of billions of dollars at these things. I’ve seen progressives at the Roosevelt Institute go to the mat to defend NEPA and other procedural barriers to development, even though these barriers have dramatically slowed decarbonization and other progressive priorities. Meanwhile, it’s libertarians who have proven to be smarter and more flexible on state capacity. Tyler Cowen articulated the idea of “state capacity libertarianism” in 2020, and think tanks like the Institute for Progress have done a lot of great work on building U.S. state capacity even as they also advocate for cutting regulation.