language observations

- In English, a rather absurd structure for "making nouns and adjectives from verbs," like "doer" and "doee," has become common. (Perhaps the employer-employee pair seemed practical - you see, in Turkish, it's very advantageous to embed active and passive within the verb.)

- In English, there are many non-linguistic elements that many find quite annoying but are very common: raising one's voice at the end of sentences that are not questions (I guess it's called "upspeak"), talking with "bird hands," and saying "right?" at the end and even in the middle of every sentence. (reddit.com/r/ENGLISH/co…) This last one feels very manipulative to me. In French, too, there are those who constantly say 'n’est-ce pas,' equally annoying.

- In Turkish, the words "anlamsız" (meaningless), "gereksiz" (unnecessary), and "talihsiz" (unfortunate) have also changed meaning and usage. When people disapprove of something, they seem to hesitate a bit to express it directly and, speaking indirectly, use phrases like "this outburst was unfortunate," "their attitude is meaningless," "their reaction is unnecessary," as if reducing what they disapprove of to a semantic or functional defect. I'm not sure. In English, there's a similar evolution in the word "unfortunate." These sound like mafia language.