In high-frequency trading, a single microsecond can mean the difference between a profitable trade and a loss. When you’re competing with thousands of other algorithms for the same arbitrage opportunity, the speed of your network stack matters more than your trading strategy. Traditional operating systems add 20-50 microseconds of latency just moving packets through the kernel. For context, light travels only 6 kilometers in 20 microseconds. This is why elite HFT firms bypass the kernel entirely, talking directly to network cards and processing millions of packets per second with sub-microsecond jitter.