Liddell Scott Greek Lexicon for the word Logos (Λόγος) (VI-X) Part #2
VI. Verbal expression or utterance
(cf. λέγω (B) 111), rarely a single word, never in grammatical significance of a vocable (ἔπος, λέξις, ὄνομα, ῥῆμα), usually of a phrase, cf. IX. 3 (the only sense found in Ep.).
a. Plural, without Article
"Delighted him with λόγοι," Il.15.393.
Beguiling λόγοι (αἱμύλιοι), Od.1.56.
False λόγοι (ψευδεῖς), personified, hes.th.229.
λόγοι as pleasant (ἀφροδίσιοι), Semon.7.91.
λόγοι as soothing (ἀγανοῖσι), Pi.P.4.101.
λόγοι as tales, Id.N.8.21.
Brief λόγοι, S.Aj.1268, El.415.
λόγοι as bred of talk (δόκησις ἀγνὼς λόγων), Id.OT681.
Singular: "Speak if you delight in λόγος," Id.El.891.
b. Singular, expression or phrase
λόγος spoken before saying good or bad, Id.Ant.1245.
λόγος summing up in brief phrase, Pl.Phdr.241e, Phd.65d.
λόγος concisely or briefly (ἑνὶ λόγῳ), Arist.EN1103b21.
λόγος as a whispered message, Plot.4.9.3.
Magical λόγοι (θελκτήριοι), E.Hipp.478.
Rarely, λόγος as a single word, e.g., "χρονοτριβεῖν," Arist.Rh.1406a36.
"Answered her not a λόγος," Ev.Matt.15.23.
c. Coupled or contrasted with act, fact, truth, etc., mostly depreciatory
λόγος as the "shadow of action," Democr.145.
λόγος opposed to deeds (ἔργα), Democr.82.
λόγος as pretense, Hdt.1.205.
λόγος contrasted with calamity: "not λόγῳ but by calamity," Id.76.
λόγοι as superficial appearance, Lycurg.23.
λόγος contrasted with perception, Arist.EN1149a35.
2. Common talk, report, tradition
"As λόγος went among mortals," Batr.8.
λόγος passed down from fathers, Alc.71.
λόγος as tidings, S.Ant.1289.
Plural: λόγοι as traditions, Pl.Lg.886b.
b. Rumor
λόγος as rumor (e.g., spread about gods), Th.6.46.
"Rumor spread (ὁ λόγος) to some that...," ev.jo.21.23.
c. Mention, notice, description
λόγος worth mentioning: "Nothing worth λόγου," Hdt.4.28.
λόγος as beyond expression: "Beyond λόγος," Hdt.2.35.
d. Talk one occasions, repute, mostly in good sense
λόγος as good report: "Reason to have λόγος among men," Hdt.7.5.
λόγος in bad sense: "Evil λόγος," S.Aj.138.
e. λόγος as a story or tradition in use
"There is a λόγος that Arete dwells here," Simon.58.
λόγος as ancient tradition, Hdt.7.129.
3. Discussion, debate, deliberation
"Much λόγος was among them," Hdt.8.59.
λόγοι as exchanges (e.g., deliberating about duties), Id.6.138.
b. Right of discussion or speech
λόγος as permission to speak: "Asked leave to speak (λόγον αἰτήσασθαι)," Th.3.53.
c. Dialogue as philosophical debate
λόγος as debate between two parties, Pl.Cra.430d.
d. Section or division of a dialogue
"The first λόγος," Pl.Prm.127d.
λόγοι as divisions of philosophical systems, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.258.
e. Plural λόγοι as literature or letters
λόγοι as written works or treatises, Plu.2.16c.
VII. A particular utterance, saying
1. Divine utterance, oracle
"λόγος of divine origin," Pi.P.4.59.
"λόγοι of prophecy," Pl. Phdr.275b.
"For I will not say my own λόγος," Pl.Ap.20e.
"The λόγος of God," Apoc.1.2,9.
2. Proverb, maxim, saying
"As the λόγος goes," Pi.N.9.6, a.th.218.
"So the λόγος runs," ib.225.
"This λόγος was coined thus," Critias 21.
"The ancient λόγος," Pl.Phdr.240c, cf. Smp.195b, Grg.499c, Lg.757a.
"The λόγος, as it is said," 1 Ep.Ti.1.15, Plu.2.1082e, Luc.Alex.9.
"This saying of the λόγος," Herod.2.45.
"The λόγοι, as collected," Arist.EN1147a21.
3. Assertion, opposed to oath
"ψιλῷ λόγῳ, a bare word," S.OC651.
"Bare λόγος, not backed by testimony," D.27.54.
4. Express resolution
"By κοινῷ λόγῳ, common agreement," Hdt.1.141.
"On such λόγος, terms," Id.7.158, cf. 9.26.
"To accept the λόγος," Id.1.60, cf. 9.5.
"Holding a λόγος that is greedy," Id.7.158.
"Frequent in plural, λόγοι as terms or conditions," Id.9.33.
5. Word of command, behest
"λόγος as a command," a.pr.17,40 (both pl.).
"To make men more persuadable through λόγος," X.Oec.13.9.
"He cast out spirits by λόγος," Ev.Matt.8.16.
"The ten λόγοι, Commandments," LXX Ex.34.28, Ph.1.496.
VIII. Thing Spoken of, Subject-Matter
Plot of a narrative or dramatic poem - equivalent to μῦθος (Arist.Po.1455b17)
b. In Art, subject of a painting
λόγοι of the painting (philostr.va 6.10)
λόγος of the artwork (philostr.im.1.25)
Thing talked of, event
"After these λόγοι" - After these events (LXX 1 Ma.7.33)
"See what λόγος will follow" - Future events (Act.Ap.15.6)
IX. Expression, Utterance, Speech Regarded Formally:
Speech and Utterance:
λόγος refers to the flow of utterance from the soul through the mouth with sound, in contrast to διάνοια (thought). Example: "the λόγος coming from the soul" (Plato).
λόγος as intelligent utterance, contrasted with φωνή (mere voice) (Aristotle).
λόγος is defined as meaningful speech by convention. Example: "λόγος is a significant sound by convention" (Aristotle).
λόγος can also refer to precise or articulate speech. Example: "λόγος that is precise" (Aristophanes).
Various Modes of Expression (especially artistic and literary):
λόγος is used to describe expression in various art forms, such as songs, myths, and λόγοι (Plato).
It is also used to contrast prose (λόγος) with poetry. Example: λόγος vs. ποίησις (Plato, Aristotle).
In its full form, λόγος can be used to denote plain prose (Aristotle).
b. Components of Poetry:
λόγος can also refer to the words used in lyric or dramatic poetry. Example: "melody consists of λόγος, harmony, and rhythm" (Plato).
λόγος is contrasted with action or praxis in dramatic contexts (Aristotle).
Grammar and Linguistics:
λόγος can denote a phrase or complex term, as opposed to a single word (ὄνομα) (Aristotle).
λόγος can also refer to a complete statement or sentence. Example: "A λόγος that is complete in itself" (Grammar texts).
λόγος can be expressed in a full sentence. Example: "To be expressed in a λόγος" (Plato).
c. Language and Parts of Speech:
λόγος is used to describe elements of language, such as parts of speech. Example: "The parts of λόγος" (Chrysippus).
In grammar, λόγος can also refer to individual components of language, such as words or elements of syntax.
X. The Word or Wisdom of God, personified as His agent in creation and world-government:
"Your almighty λόγος" (LXX Wisdom 18.15).
"The luminous λόγος, the son of God, from the divine mind" (Hermetic Corpus 1.6).
"The λόγος of God through whom [the world] was made" (Philo 1.162).
"Of the wisdom of God, which is the λόγος of God" (Philo 56).
"The divine λόγος... the image of God" (Philo 561, cf. 501).
"[God's] λόγος, the divider of all things" (Philo 492).
"The angel who is the λόγος" (Philo 122).
In the New Testament, λόγος is identified with the person of Christ: "In the beginning was the λόγος" (John 1.1), cf. 14, 1 John 2.7, Revelation 19.13.
"The λόγος of life" (1 John 1.1).