Johann F. Herbart was born. A founding figure within the field of educational psychology, Herbart pioneered the pedagogical study of how children learn and teachers teach.
Herbart championed the theory that the plasticity or educability of the pupil is the fundamental postulate of pedagogics and advocated a science based on ethics and psychology; arguing that 'the former points out the goal of education; the latter the way, the means, and the obstacles.'