Arieann Harrison, founder of the Marie Harrison Foundation, leads a community effort in Bayview-Hunters Point to protect the neighborhood from toxic contamination due to sea level rise. (Beth LaBerge/KQED)
This story is part of KQED’s series, “Sacrifice Zones: Bay Area Shoreline Communities Reimagining Their Homes in the Face of the Climate Emergency.” The project looks at communities of color facing the worst of rising seas and fighting to thrive. Read more of KQED’s reparations coverage.
Arieann Harrison accepted her calling at her mother’s funeral, sitting in St. John Missionary Baptist Church in the San Francisco shoreline community of Bayview-Hunters Point.
“You find out a lot about yourself at a funeral,” said Harrison. Her mother, Marie Harrison, passed away in 2019 at 71 from lung disease. Harrison says her mom believed the illness was tied to pollution from a nearby shipyard, where she once worked and lived close to.
At St. John’s, person after person shared reasons why they valued Harrison’s mother.
She organized, marched and protested for decades, pushing for a shipyard cleanup — even chaining herself to the fence outside the site. Marie Harrison famously said to neighbors, officials and anyone who would listen, “We’ll never surrender.”
Harrison realized it was time to stand on her mother’s shoulders, taking on her legacy of advocacy.
The shipyard is now a Superfund site, one of the country’s most polluted places. The 866-acre area is a jigsaw slab of concrete docking bays and abandoned buildings jutting out of the southeast shoreline of San Francisco. The site butts up against the community of Bayview-Hunters Point, where more than 35,000 people live.
Marie Harrison fought for a cleanup. Her daughter’s struggle is arguably more difficult, as climate change and sea level rise threaten to flood the area. Scientists are increasingly sounding the alarm about rising bay water pushing freshwater up from belowground, uncorking chemicals from the shipyard before spilling into homes and businesses.
“We’re just one natural disaster away from something we can never come back from,” said Harrison, who lives in the neighborhood and works helping military veterans and unhoused people find housing and recovery programs in San Francisco. “This is not a game.”
Three years after her mother’s death, Harrison, who is in her mid-50s, is pressing officials for the strongest possible cleanup of the site to ensure the community isn’t exposed to toxic waste. She’s helping lead an effort to document how living near the Superfund site may have exposed residents — many of whom are people of color — to toxics, by testing for contaminants in their bodies.
“Climate justice is a real thing. Sea level rise is real,” she said. “This is the opportunity to stand up and do the right thing by the people.”
Her advocacy also now includes a call for reparations for descendants of enslaved people, saying the tendrils of slavery are still very alive today in this historically Black neighborhood. Racist housing policies siloed Black and brown people in this part of San Francisco, where she says they were exposed to contaminants from the Superfund site; repair is needed.
‘The worst contaminants you can imagine’
Bayview-Hunters Point Hazardous Sites and 2100 Sea Level Rise
Click the arrow to view the map legend. Use your mouse to move the map. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the dots to view details. Click on the magnifying glass to search for a specific address. Areas marked by circles show the impact of rising seas and groundwater together, while squares show groundwater impacts only. Sources: Climate Central, UCLA, UC Berkeley, USGS.
Researchers identified as many as 900 power plants, cleanup sites, refineries and other places in California that could experience flooding from sea level rise or groundwater spreading into neighborhoods — sometimes both.
California’s latest guidance report on sea level rise says bay waters may rise more than 10 feet by the end of the century and nearly 3 feet by 2050 in the most extreme scenarios. The leading cause of climate change is humans burning fossil fuels.
The Hunters Point Superfund site is one of those hazardous sites. In the middle of the last century, the U.S. Navy decontaminated ships after atomic bomb tests and established the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory at the shipyard. This process contaminated the soil with radionuclides, heavy metals and petroleum fuels, among other toxic compounds.
Bay Area scientists say that before rising tides flood aboveground, bay waters will press inward under the surface of the land, pushing up the groundwater, spreading buried contamination.
“The Hunters Point Superfund site is expected to experience monthly flooding by the end of the century,” said UCLA’s Lara Cushing, who created the mapping project with UC Berkeley’s Rachel Morello-Frosch.
But Morello-Frosch says any cleanup that caps toxic contamination likely won’t be good enough as the bay presses groundwater upward.
“If you start having groundwater encroachment, those caps of legacy sites can be breached,” she noted. “So it can come up, and it can move to different areas.”
Cole Burchiel, a field investigator for the environmental watchdog group San Francisco Baykeeper, is worried that rising groundwater levels will harm human and aquatic life.
“We’re dealing with some of the worst contaminants you can imagine — lead, arsenic, radioactive isotopes,” he said. “They will infiltrate existing infrastructure. We’re talking sewer lines, water supply lines — and that has a direct impact on people’s homes.”
San Francisco Mayor London Breed’s office denied multiple requests for an interview for this story. The city said in an emailed statement that it’s conducting a study with Bay Area climate scientists on how sea level rise will affect groundwater, and they’re seeking funding to study how sea level rise could affect known contaminated sites.
A May report released by the San Francisco Civil Grand Jury reprimands city and Navy officials, saying they have not accounted for the serious risk that rising groundwater could have here.
“Aside from some glimmers of awareness at regulatory agencies, groundwater rise has not yet been meaningfully considered in the cleanup at the Hunters Point Shipyard,” the grand jury wrote.
San Francisco Supervisor Shamann Walton, whose district includes Bayview-Hunters Point, requested a hearing on the jury report. But his office declined repeated requests for an interview. In an emailed statement, he said he is aware of the longstanding issue of radioactive contamination and is working with all the agencies involved in the cleanup.
But he acknowledged that “the effect of sea level rise and groundwater rise has not been studied” for the Hunters Point Superfund site.
Harrison organized a June rally in front of City Hall to highlight the findings. Wearing a bright purple shirt with “CAN WE LIVE” printed on the front and speaking into a megaphone, she said the city needs to prepare Bayview-Hunters Point for the effects of sea level rise.
“I want to invite our mayor, who we love, to show us that she loves us back,” she said.
She said reparations are necessary to create an equitable future for Bayview-Hunters Point and its Black and brown residents who will be disproportionately harmed by climate change.
“We’re tired of begging for our lives,” Harrison told KQED. “I holla for reparations because that’s paying for crimes against humanity. You can bet your bottom dollar we’re gonna need long-term care.”
Bayview-Hunters Point residents regularly attend the meetings of San Francisco’s advisory committee to express their concerns. Lonnie Mason said at a January session that the city is not giving enough attention to the historically Black area of San Francisco. He was born and raised in the neighborhood.
“Our health risks within the community are very deep,” he said. “It goes way back. We know what time it is when it comes to Hunters Point.”
“We have all the utilities here,” she said, noting the neighborhood is home to Recology; the city’s sewage treatment plant; and other waste facilities. “We still have the garbage dump here. Why is it all in our area? Because they don’t value us.”
UC Berkeley professor Maya Carrasquillo says it’s not unusual for Black people to feel left out of plans to improve residents’ lives, even if they are represented by Black city officials. Carrasquillo, who identifies racially as a Black American and ethnically as an Afro-Latina, is a civil and environmental engineering professor focused on environmental justice.
She says Black people in power would argue they advocate for all Black residents, but decisions made by those in control often center communities of affluence.
“There is still a distinct difference of how we value Black and brown lives across class barriers,” she said. “When we say ‘Black Lives Matter,’ it is all Black lives.”
Carrasquillo says Bayview-Hunters Point deserves the same kind of investment that wealthy neighborhoods of San Francisco receive. If that doesn’t happen, lower-income people of color will suffer disproportionately as the world warms and the bay rises. She says San Francisco and other cities should invite the people who will be the most harmed by rising tides to decide their own future by including them in every aspect of climate adaptation plans. That is an act of reparation.
“What’s actually at stake here are people’s lives,” she added. “We need to make sure that people are not at the risk of death, if we really say that their lives matter.”
‘That set my hair on fire’
To seize the attention of city leaders, residents are documenting their health conditions.
A map of Bayview-Hunters Point lies on the wood desk in Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai’s office. It’s filled with red, blue, black, yellow and white pushpins — they look like ants piled up on a piece of food. Each pin represents a person whom she tested and found to have high levels of a toxic chemical in their body at that time.
“[Toxic chemicals] have no role in the human body, and there is no justification for any of them,” she said.
In 2019, she began testing residents who volunteered to have their urine examined for toxic contaminants. The 70-year-old physician is the founder and medical director of the Hunters Point Biomonitoring Foundation.
She’s now tested and retested more than 100 residents for toxic elements like lead, mercury and arsenic, and for elevated levels of natural elements that people need, like iron and zinc. Porter Sumchai said she recently tested a woman in her 40s and found uranium at dangerously high levels.
“That set my hair on fire,” she said. “I had never seen anything like that.”
Harrison was tested in 2021. Porter Sumchai found cadmium, copper, manganese and other contaminants in her body at levels she described as “very dangerous.” The contaminants could cause damage to the brain, heart, kidney, liver and lungs.
“I am retaining fluid, have muscle tightness, tingling in my feet and my hair is falling out of my head like a cancer patient,” she said, pointing to the test results on her office computer. “It doesn’t look like it because my wig is really cute.”
On that day she wore long, black braids.
Officials with the San Francisco Department of Public Health told KQED in an emailed statement that the agency is “committed to protecting and promoting the health of those in the Bayview-Hunters Point” neighborhood, but wouldn’t comment directly on Porter Sumchai’s testing, saying the agency did not have a “subject matter expert.” They deferred comment to state health officials.
The California Department of Public Health told KQED in an email that it is “aware” of the community testing, but “has not been directly provided any test results from those samples.”
The city conducted a community health survey in 2006 that found “cancer is a major cause of years of life lost in Bayview Hunters Point,” and “African-American women and men have the highest mortality rates of any other racial/ethnic group for several major cancers.” But the city did not look at whether buried toxic contamination at the shipyard contributed to any health problems.
Dr. Timur Durrani, a UCSF physician who is not involved with Porter Sumchai’s effort, said the tests are cause for a wider-scale survey.
Durrani, who provides care for acutely poisoned patients at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, cautioned that to understand the full extent of the problem, a comprehensive evaluation of the exposure and the community is needed.
“What it sounds like is the community wants to be heard,” he said.
Porter Sumchai submits her data on cancers and toxic contamination to the California Cancer Registry. She is compiling her own — the Hunters Point Community Toxic Registry — and hopes to gather enough evidence documenting a relationship between illness and toxic exposure to use in a structured legal settlement.
“The more evidence we collect, the more pins we place in this map,” she said. “I do think, ultimately, there is going to be a recovery for this community. It’s just in the stars.”
But any recovery takes hard work. Porter Sumchai and Harrison’s work is practical, methodical and deliberate. Climate change adds extreme urgency to their effort.
At the June protest on the steps of City Hall, Harrison invited Porter Sumchai to speak on her findings. Rallying the crowd, she called her “a woman who has been fighting since Day One. I like to call her my second mother.”
“People in Bayview-Hunters Point are being treated like canaries in the coal mine for an impending catastrophe that will impact the entire city,” Porter Sumchai said.
Bayview-Hunters Point residents are facing a life-or-death crisis, she said, but she promised to fight, even if city leaders don’t act.
Then she quoted Marie Harrison.
“We’ll never surrender,” she said.
KQED’s Annelise Finney contributed reporting to this story.
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She joined KQED as a TV producer when its science series QUEST started in 2006 and has covered everything from Alzheimer’s to bee die-offs to dark energy.\r\n\r\nShe won a 2022 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award with a team of her Deep Look colleagues. She has won five regional Emmys as a video producer and has shared seven more as the coordinating producer of Deep Look. The episode she produced about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/728086/how-mosquitoes-use-six-needles-to-suck-your-blood\">How Mosquitoes Use Six Needles to Suck Your Blood\u003c/a> won a Webby \"People's Voice\" award. She has also earned awards from the Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival, the Society of Professional Journalists and the Society of Environmental Journalists.\r\n\r\nHer videos for KQED have also aired on NOVA scienceNOW and the PBS NewsHour, and appeared on NPR.org.\r\n\r\nAs an independent filmmaker, she produced and directed the hour-long documentary \u003ca href=\"http://lpbp.org/beautiful-sin-qa-with-producer-gabriela-quiros/\">\u003cem>Beautiful Sin\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, about the surprising story of how Costa Rica became the only country in the world to outlaw in vitro fertilization. The film aired in 2015 on public television stations throughout the U.S., and in Costa Rica.\r\n\r\nShe started her journalism career as a newspaper reporter in Costa Rica, where she grew up. She won the National Science Journalism Award there for a series of articles about organic agriculture, and developed a life-long interest in health reporting. She moved to the Bay Area in 1996 to study documentary filmmaking at the University of California, Berkeley, where she received master’s degrees in journalism and Latin American studies.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"gabrielaquirosr","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor","ef_view_calendar","ef_view_story_budget"]}],"headData":{"title":"Gabriela Quirós | KQED","description":"Video Producer and Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/gabriela-quiros"},"lklivans":{"type":"authors","id":"8648","meta":{"index":"authors_1716337520","id":"8648","found":true},"name":"Laura Klivans","firstName":"Laura","lastName":"Klivans","slug":"lklivans","email":"lklivans@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"Reporter and Host","bio":"Laura Klivans is a science reporter and the host of KQED's video series about tiny, amazing animals, \u003cem>Deep Look\u003c/em>. Her work can also be heard on NPR, \u003cem>Here & Now, \u003c/em>and PRI. Before working in audio, she taught, leading groups of students abroad. One of her favorite jobs was teaching on the Thai-Burmese border, working with immigrants and refugees.\r\n\r\nLaura has won three Northern California Area Emmys along with her Deep Look colleagues. She's won the North Gate Award for Excellence in Audio Reporting and the Gobind Behari Lal Award for a radio documentary about adults with imaginary friends. She's a fellowship junkie, completing the USC Center for Health Journalism's California Fellowship, UC Berkeley's Human Rights Fellowship and the Coro Fellowship in Public Affairs. Laura has a master’s in journalism from UC Berkeley and a master’s in education from Harvard.\r\n\r\nShe likes to eat chocolate for breakfast. 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Elliott is the recipient of a 2017 Regional Emmy for his work as a producer on “Deep Look.\"","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/90ebfa58055409e54c8f8a4c120ecf91?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"edorank","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Elliott Kennerson | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/90ebfa58055409e54c8f8a4c120ecf91?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/90ebfa58055409e54c8f8a4c120ecf91?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ekennerson"},"lesleymcclurg":{"type":"authors","id":"11229","meta":{"index":"authors_1716337520","id":"11229","found":true},"name":"Lesley McClurg","firstName":"Lesley","lastName":"McClurg","slug":"lesleymcclurg","email":"lmcclurg@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"KQED Health Correspondent","bio":"Lesley McClurg is a health correspondent and fill-in host. 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Kevin joined KQED in 2019, and has covered issues related to energy, wildfire, climate change and the environment.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"starkkev","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Kevin Stark | KQED","description":"Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kevinstark"},"smohamad":{"type":"authors","id":"11631","meta":{"index":"authors_1716337520","id":"11631","found":true},"name":"Sarah Mohamad","firstName":"Sarah","lastName":"Mohamad","slug":"smohamad","email":"smohamad@KQED.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"Engagement Producer and Reporter, KQED Science","bio":"Sarah Mohamad is an engagement producer and reporter for KQED's digital engagement team. She leads social media, newsletter, and engagement efforts for KQED Science content. Prior to this role, she played a key role as project manager for NSF's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/crackingthecode\">\u003cem>Cracking the Code: Influencing Millennial Science Engagement\u003c/em> \u003c/a>audience research. Prior to joining KQED Science, Sarah worked in a brand new role as Digital Marketing Strategist at WPSU Penn State.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sarahkmohamad","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"about","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sarah Mohamad | KQED","description":"Engagement Producer and Reporter, KQED Science","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/smohamad"},"eromero":{"type":"authors","id":"11746","meta":{"index":"authors_1716337520","id":"11746","found":true},"name":"Ezra David Romero","firstName":"Ezra David","lastName":"Romero","slug":"eromero","email":"eromero@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"Climate Reporter","bio":"Ezra David Romero is a climate reporter for KQED News. He covers the absence and excess of water in the Bay Area — think sea level rise, flooding and drought. For nearly a decade he’s covered how warming temperatures are altering the lives of Californians. He’s reported on farmers worried their pistachio trees aren’t getting enough sleep, families desperate for water, scientists studying dying giant sequoias, and alongside firefighters containing wildfires. His work has appeared on local stations across California and nationally on public radio shows like Morning Edition, Here and Now, All Things Considered and Science Friday. ","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ezraromero","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ezra David Romero | KQED","description":"Climate 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FM","link":"/"}},"science_1993017":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1993017","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"science","id":"1993017","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-teen-photographer-capturing-bay-area-avocets-on-camera-and-where-you-can-see-them-too","title":"The Teen Photographer Capturing Bay Area Avocets on Camera (and Where You Can See Them Too)","publishDate":1716922817,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Teen Photographer Capturing Bay Area Avocets on Camera (and Where You Can See Them Too) | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>If you’re a Bay Area wildlife watcher, you might be familiar with the American Avocet — slender shorebirds with a talent not just for color changes but also their elegant courting that’s been described as a “love dance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Bay Area teen wildlife photographer Parham Pourahmad was able to capture the beauty of these native California shorebirds in a series of stunning photographs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992992\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992992\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1921\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-1536x1153.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-2048x1537.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-1920x1441.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An avocet walks on a muddy island. \u003ccite>(Parham Pourahmad)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been trying to capture their mating ritual for, like, two years now,” said Pourahmad, 14, who also shared that it can be “really challenging” given the available light and the positioning of the birds themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, Pourahmad won the\u003ca href=\"https://cawatchablewildlife.org/photos2023/winnerpage2023.php?wm=2023-09-10\"> California Watchable Wildlife, \u003c/a>a photography competition with a photo of a red-shouldered hawk in Santa Cruz. He then started his \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/wildphotop/\">Instagram account to showcase his images of Bay Area wildlife\u003c/a>, where he’s been posting his avocet photographs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992993\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1705px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992993\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1705\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-scaled.jpg 1705w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-800x1201.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-1020x1531.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-768x1153.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-1023x1536.jpg 1023w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-1364x2048.jpg 1364w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1705px) 100vw, 1705px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The male wraps his wing over the female as the dance comes to a close. \u003ccite>(Parham Pourahmad)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the breeding season, around April through July, avocets undergo a fascinating transformation through a partial molting process: Their usual white and gray feathers are replaced with a striking orange hue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their bodies turn a beautiful brownish-pink. It’s really pretty,” said Amy Parsons, a water bird biologist at the San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory (SFBBO).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992991\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992991\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-800x400.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-1020x510.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-160x80.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-768x384.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-2048x1024.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-1920x960.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An avocet protects its nest from a black-necked stilt. \u003ccite>(Parham Pourahmad)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While many birds molt at various life stages, the avocets’s color change is a dramatic example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the fall and winter, their heads are a dull gray, and they don’t really stand out,” Pourahmad said. “But starting about [mid-March] and lasting until mid-summer, their heads turn a vibrant orange, making them look really cool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The avocet mating ritual, often described as a dance, features the pair moving in unison with their bills intertwined after mating. “Their bills cross to look like a kiss,” Pourahmad said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1993023\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1993023\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-scaled.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-768x960.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-1638x2048.jpg 1638w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-1920x2400.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A close-up of the avocet’s mating kiss. \u003ccite>(Parham Pourahmad)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/bayarea/comments/1buf3kd/avocet_mating_ritual_in_the_bay_info_in_comments/\">It’s one of my favorite shots of the year,\u003c/a>” Pourahmad said. “The Bay Area is full of amazing sights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to spot these spectacular shorebirds for yourself, Pourahmad recommends locations like:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/don-edwards-san-francisco-bay\">Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/coyote-hills\">Coyote Hills Regional Park\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/Departments/Community-Services/Open-Space-Parks/Neighborhood-Parks/Baylands-Nature-Preserve\">Baylands Nature Preserve\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people in the San Francisco Bay don’t realize the rich, beautiful environment we have,” Parsons said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992990\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992990\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A high-key photo of a wading avocet. \u003ccite>(Parham Pourahmad)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You hear about \u003ca href=\"https://birding.sequoia-audubon.org/description.php?loc=22&p=0\">old salt evaporation ponds\u003c/a> and think they’re uninspiring, but they’re part of a vibrant ecosystem with many species passing through year-round.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11804822/a-beginners-guide-to-birding-in-the-bay-area\">For a guide to birding in the Bay Area for beginners, check out KQED’s guide from 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992994\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992994\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-1920x1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pair of avocets are mating, with the male bird on the back of the female. Avocets often nest on sandy shores or mud flats. \u003ccite>(Parham Pourahmad)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The colorful, charming courting rituals of the American Avocet are a sight to behold and one teenaged Bay Area photographer has been capturing these moments. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1716917184,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":527},"headData":{"title":"The Teen Photographer Capturing Bay Area Avocets on Camera (and Where You Can See Them Too) | KQED","description":"The colorful, charming courting rituals of the American Avocet are a sight to behold and one teenaged Bay Area photographer has been capturing these moments. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Teen Photographer Capturing Bay Area Avocets on Camera (and Where You Can See Them Too)","datePublished":"2024-05-28T12:00:17-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-28T10:26:24-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1993017/the-teen-photographer-capturing-bay-area-avocets-on-camera-and-where-you-can-see-them-too","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’re a Bay Area wildlife watcher, you might be familiar with the American Avocet — slender shorebirds with a talent not just for color changes but also their elegant courting that’s been described as a “love dance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Bay Area teen wildlife photographer Parham Pourahmad was able to capture the beauty of these native California shorebirds in a series of stunning photographs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992992\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992992\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1921\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-1536x1153.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-2048x1537.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0960-1920x1441.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An avocet walks on a muddy island. \u003ccite>(Parham Pourahmad)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been trying to capture their mating ritual for, like, two years now,” said Pourahmad, 14, who also shared that it can be “really challenging” given the available light and the positioning of the birds themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, Pourahmad won the\u003ca href=\"https://cawatchablewildlife.org/photos2023/winnerpage2023.php?wm=2023-09-10\"> California Watchable Wildlife, \u003c/a>a photography competition with a photo of a red-shouldered hawk in Santa Cruz. He then started his \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/wildphotop/\">Instagram account to showcase his images of Bay Area wildlife\u003c/a>, where he’s been posting his avocet photographs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992993\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1705px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992993\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1705\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-scaled.jpg 1705w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-800x1201.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-1020x1531.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-768x1153.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-1023x1536.jpg 1023w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0422-1-1364x2048.jpg 1364w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1705px) 100vw, 1705px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The male wraps his wing over the female as the dance comes to a close. \u003ccite>(Parham Pourahmad)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the breeding season, around April through July, avocets undergo a fascinating transformation through a partial molting process: Their usual white and gray feathers are replaced with a striking orange hue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their bodies turn a beautiful brownish-pink. It’s really pretty,” said Amy Parsons, a water bird biologist at the San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory (SFBBO).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992991\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992991\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-800x400.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-1020x510.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-160x80.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-768x384.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-2048x1024.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0856-2-1920x960.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An avocet protects its nest from a black-necked stilt. \u003ccite>(Parham Pourahmad)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While many birds molt at various life stages, the avocets’s color change is a dramatic example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the fall and winter, their heads are a dull gray, and they don’t really stand out,” Pourahmad said. “But starting about [mid-March] and lasting until mid-summer, their heads turn a vibrant orange, making them look really cool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The avocet mating ritual, often described as a dance, features the pair moving in unison with their bills intertwined after mating. “Their bills cross to look like a kiss,” Pourahmad said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1993023\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1993023\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-scaled.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-768x960.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-1638x2048.jpg 1638w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0557-1-2-1920x2400.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A close-up of the avocet’s mating kiss. \u003ccite>(Parham Pourahmad)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/bayarea/comments/1buf3kd/avocet_mating_ritual_in_the_bay_info_in_comments/\">It’s one of my favorite shots of the year,\u003c/a>” Pourahmad said. “The Bay Area is full of amazing sights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to spot these spectacular shorebirds for yourself, Pourahmad recommends locations like:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/don-edwards-san-francisco-bay\">Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/coyote-hills\">Coyote Hills Regional Park\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/Departments/Community-Services/Open-Space-Parks/Neighborhood-Parks/Baylands-Nature-Preserve\">Baylands Nature Preserve\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people in the San Francisco Bay don’t realize the rich, beautiful environment we have,” Parsons said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992990\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992990\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0195-8.16.22-PM-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A high-key photo of a wading avocet. \u003ccite>(Parham Pourahmad)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You hear about \u003ca href=\"https://birding.sequoia-audubon.org/description.php?loc=22&p=0\">old salt evaporation ponds\u003c/a> and think they’re uninspiring, but they’re part of a vibrant ecosystem with many species passing through year-round.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11804822/a-beginners-guide-to-birding-in-the-bay-area\">For a guide to birding in the Bay Area for beginners, check out KQED’s guide from 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992994\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992994\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/DSC_0450-1-1920x1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pair of avocets are mating, with the male bird on the back of the female. Avocets often nest on sandy shores or mud flats. \u003ccite>(Parham Pourahmad)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1993017/the-teen-photographer-capturing-bay-area-avocets-on-camera-and-where-you-can-see-them-too","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2265","science_1120","science_4992","science_163"],"featImg":"science_1992995","label":"science"},"science_1993090":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1993090","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"science","id":"1993090","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"after-a-cooler-weekend-for-bay-area-expect-a-strong-heat-wave-on-the-horizon","title":"After a Cooler Weekend for Bay Area, Expect a Strong Heat Wave on the Horizon","publishDate":1717153206,"format":"standard","headTitle":"After a Cooler Weekend for Bay Area, Expect a Strong Heat Wave on the Horizon | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The Bay Area’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1993056/summer-weather-on-tap-as-the-bay-area-warms-up\">pleasant summer weather\u003c/a> will be interrupted by a slight cool-down over the weekend before a heat wave sets up in the middle of next week, bringing the potential for triple-digit temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this weekend, expect cool and cloudy along the coast, with warmer weather inland, according to Cindy Palmer, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service office in Monterey. Coastal temperatures are forecast to be in the upper 50s to mid-60s, and highs inland could reach the upper 70s to mid-80s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1796142466695131556\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Temperatures along the coast could be a few degrees below normal as we go through this weekend,” Palmer told KQED. “If you’re inland, though, they will be right around normal to maybe slightly below, depending on your location.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week, the National Weather Service is forecasting what could be the first prolonged heat wave across the West this year as a high-pressure system builds over the Four Corners region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where exactly it sets up, Bay Area temperatures could be 10 to 20 degrees above normal for the region’s hotter inland areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highest temperatures are expected Tuesday through Thursday, with a peak on Wednesday, according to the latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/wrh/TextProduct?product=afdmtr\">forecast discussion\u003c/a> from the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking at significantly warmer daytime temperatures,” Palmer said. “Inland areas will easily be into the 90s, and we may see our first triple-digit heat for some of our inland locations. For coastal areas, there is quite a bit more uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ridge of high pressure will cause the warm-up. Exactly how hot it gets, especially along the coast, will depend on where that ridge sets up and on the Bay Area’s marine layer — the cool ocean air conditioning that often cranks up this time of year, bringing the cloudy, overcast skies of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/13025/making-sense-of-san-franciscos-bone-chilling-summertime-fog\">June gloom\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A hot Sierra and a melting snowpack\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain said during a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/live/PKnTegVkSWU\">Friday live-streamed office hours\u003c/a> that the heat wave would be felt most acutely in the Sierra Nevada and its foothills in the northern part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reno, Tahoe, up by Shasta,” he said. “These are going to be places that get really hot next week, very early in the season [and] could approach record levels for this early in the calendar year. I don’t think it’s nearly as likely that places like the Bay Area or Los Angeles are going to see anything approaching record heat, although it might still end up being warmer than average.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service’s Sacramento office issued an \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/NWSSacramento/status/1796621256781156584\">excessive heat watch\u003c/a> from 11 a.m. Tuesday to 8 p.m. Thursday for the Sacramento Valley, foothills, and Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials said earlier this year that California’s blissfully normal water year and deep snowpack could curb wildfire risk and prevent drought conditions from developing later in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that snowpack has dwindled to 44% of normal for this time of year, according to the California Department of Water Resources, after several weeks of above-average temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very possible the upcoming heat wave will pretty much kill off what’s left,” Swain said, which he added could “kick fire season up a notch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The likelihood of a fast-moving forest fire touching off in the Sierra will still be low for now. But this heat wave could “create the preconditions that make it easier to have a more severe fire season later than if we had a mild start to the summer,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Recent warm conditions will be cool slightly over the weekend before a heat wave next week brings the potential for triple-digit temperatures.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1717186390,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":633},"headData":{"title":"After a Cooler Weekend for Bay Area, Expect a Strong Heat Wave on the Horizon | KQED","description":"Recent warm conditions will be cool slightly over the weekend before a heat wave next week brings the potential for triple-digit temperatures.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"After a Cooler Weekend for Bay Area, Expect a Strong Heat Wave on the Horizon","datePublished":"2024-05-31T04:00:06-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-31T13:13:10-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-1993090","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1993090/after-a-cooler-weekend-for-bay-area-expect-a-strong-heat-wave-on-the-horizon","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Bay Area’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1993056/summer-weather-on-tap-as-the-bay-area-warms-up\">pleasant summer weather\u003c/a> will be interrupted by a slight cool-down over the weekend before a heat wave sets up in the middle of next week, bringing the potential for triple-digit temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this weekend, expect cool and cloudy along the coast, with warmer weather inland, according to Cindy Palmer, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service office in Monterey. Coastal temperatures are forecast to be in the upper 50s to mid-60s, and highs inland could reach the upper 70s to mid-80s.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1796142466695131556"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“Temperatures along the coast could be a few degrees below normal as we go through this weekend,” Palmer told KQED. “If you’re inland, though, they will be right around normal to maybe slightly below, depending on your location.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week, the National Weather Service is forecasting what could be the first prolonged heat wave across the West this year as a high-pressure system builds over the Four Corners region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where exactly it sets up, Bay Area temperatures could be 10 to 20 degrees above normal for the region’s hotter inland areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highest temperatures are expected Tuesday through Thursday, with a peak on Wednesday, according to the latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/wrh/TextProduct?product=afdmtr\">forecast discussion\u003c/a> from the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking at significantly warmer daytime temperatures,” Palmer said. “Inland areas will easily be into the 90s, and we may see our first triple-digit heat for some of our inland locations. For coastal areas, there is quite a bit more uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ridge of high pressure will cause the warm-up. Exactly how hot it gets, especially along the coast, will depend on where that ridge sets up and on the Bay Area’s marine layer — the cool ocean air conditioning that often cranks up this time of year, bringing the cloudy, overcast skies of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/13025/making-sense-of-san-franciscos-bone-chilling-summertime-fog\">June gloom\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A hot Sierra and a melting snowpack\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain said during a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/live/PKnTegVkSWU\">Friday live-streamed office hours\u003c/a> that the heat wave would be felt most acutely in the Sierra Nevada and its foothills in the northern part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reno, Tahoe, up by Shasta,” he said. “These are going to be places that get really hot next week, very early in the season [and] could approach record levels for this early in the calendar year. I don’t think it’s nearly as likely that places like the Bay Area or Los Angeles are going to see anything approaching record heat, although it might still end up being warmer than average.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service’s Sacramento office issued an \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/NWSSacramento/status/1796621256781156584\">excessive heat watch\u003c/a> from 11 a.m. Tuesday to 8 p.m. Thursday for the Sacramento Valley, foothills, and Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials said earlier this year that California’s blissfully normal water year and deep snowpack could curb wildfire risk and prevent drought conditions from developing later in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that snowpack has dwindled to 44% of normal for this time of year, according to the California Department of Water Resources, after several weeks of above-average temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very possible the upcoming heat wave will pretty much kill off what’s left,” Swain said, which he added could “kick fire season up a notch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The likelihood of a fast-moving forest fire touching off in the Sierra will still be low for now. But this heat wave could “create the preconditions that make it easier to have a more severe fire season later than if we had a mild start to the summer,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1993090/after-a-cooler-weekend-for-bay-area-expect-a-strong-heat-wave-on-the-horizon","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2924","science_2455","science_2184","science_383","science_365"],"featImg":"science_1993093","label":"science"},"science_1993067":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1993067","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"science","id":"1993067","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"amid-long-and-costly-legal-battles-sf-urged-to-update-wastewater-system-fix-sewage-discharges","title":"Amid Long and Costly Legal Battles, SF Urged to Update Wastewater System, Fix Sewage Discharges","publishDate":1717027285,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Amid Long and Costly Legal Battles, SF Urged to Update Wastewater System, Fix Sewage Discharges | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>It’s a clear, sunny day on Mission Creek. Kayakers are paddling by, and people are walking their dogs past the houseboats that line the banks near Oracle Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But longtime resident Peter Snider said that, especially after heavy rains, some pretty nasty things go floating downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Condoms,” Snider said. “Turds, actual turds, come down. Dead fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco discharges nearly 2 billion gallons of combined stormwater and raw sewage each year into Mission Creek and other points around the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this has been an issue for decades. “When I first moved down here,” Snider said, “it used to be called s**t creek.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1993077\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1309px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1993077\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-29-at-4.22.10%E2%80%AFPM-e1717025263860.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1309\" height=\"1054\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-29-at-4.22.10 PM-e1717025263860.png 1309w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-29-at-4.22.10 PM-e1717025263860-800x644.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-29-at-4.22.10 PM-e1717025263860-1020x821.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-29-at-4.22.10 PM-e1717025263860-160x129.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-29-at-4.22.10 PM-e1717025263860-768x618.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1309px) 100vw, 1309px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map from the EPA/Water Board lawsuit, showing Bayside and Oceanside outflow points where San Francisco discharges wastewater.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Legal battles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The resulting public health risks are serious, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ca/city-and-county-san-francisco-complaint\">lawsuit\u003c/a> the federal EPA and California Water Board filed against the city in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen all kinds of complaints from exposure to raw sewage, including rashes on the skin,” said Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director of San Francisco Baykeeper, which is one of the plaintiffs. “Anybody who’s swimming in the bay in that area where the discharge is happening, or kayaking, getting water in their face or breathing the vapors in, can definitely be \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9563686/\">impacted by bacteria\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit said children, the elderly, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems are at greater risk and that San Francisco has not been maintaining or operating its sewer system properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They should want to fix this problem,” Choksi-Chugh said. “But they really have not understood the scope and the magnitude, and they have not addressed it in an effective and efficient way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission said in a statement that it has been \u003ca href=\"https://sfpuc.org/construction-contracts/sewer-system-improvement-program\">improving its infrastructure\u003c/a> and has reduced the average number of spills. Jen Kwart of the City Attorney’s Office called the recent lawsuit “a needlessly costly approach that ignores SFPUC’s longstanding willingness to resolve the regulators’ concerns collaboratively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not the only active court case over San Francisco’s sewer system. In a separate, related lawsuit, the city sued the federal EPA in 2022, claiming that limits on how much sewage and pollutants it could dump into its surrounding waters were too vague. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2023/07/31/21-70282.pdf\">ruled against San Francisco (PDF)\u003c/a>, but the Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/23-753.html\">recently agreed\u003c/a> to hear the city’s appeal. “We are hopeful the court can bring clarity and stability to this area of law,” Kwart said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1993081\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1993081\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956-800x603.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956-1020x768.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956-160x121.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956-768x578.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956-1536x1157.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign along Mission Creek in San Francisco indicates that the water is unsafe to swim in due to ‘sewer discharges’ and bacteria levels that ‘do not meet California standards for water contact recreation’ from May 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Katherine Monahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The court’s decision could have national repercussions. Eric Buescher, senior attorney with San Francisco Baykeeper, said, “The city has given the Supreme Court an opportunity to further weaken the Clean Water Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, why these long and costly legal battles? Why doesn’t San Francisco just fix its wastewater infrastructure and quit spilling sewage onto its streets and beaches?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Solutions and delays\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Part of the challenge is that the city has a combined sewer system — an older style that runs stormwater and sewage through the same pipes and is prone to overflows during heavy storms. Only about \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/npdes/where-combined-sewer-overflow-outfalls-are-located\">700 American communities\u003c/a> have these systems, and now, like San Francisco, they must \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/csossortc2004_full.pdf\">change their infrastructure (PDF)\u003c/a> to comply with the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Kloss, water permits manager for the EPA, said cities are addressing the problem in three main ways: by separating their systems so that sewage and rainwater will run through different pipes; by building tunnels and tanks to store stormwater until it can be treated; and by engineering green spaces to collect rainwater on the surface and prevent it from going into the sewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11980119,forum_2010101904495,news_11782405\"]“These are some of the more complex engineering projects that they might ever design,” Kloss said. And yet, over 95% of these cities have developed plans, he said, and are building controls now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a lot of cases,” Kloss said, “most of the residents don’t even know what’s happening because they’re able to do it in places that are underground, or they’re installing parks and green spaces that folks don’t necessarily recognize are part of the wastewater management system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco said \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/SF-Sewer-System-Fact-Sheet.pdf\">in a statement (PDF)\u003c/a> that the kind of upgrade Kloss is talking about would cost residents well over $10 billion. Instead, the city proposes about $2.5 billion in smaller projects that would improve water quality but wouldn’t eradicate sewage discharges completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kloss said there is significant federal funding available through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act and that the issue is becoming more urgent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we anticipate with climate,” Kloss said, “is not only more rain but more intense downpours. So that will strain these systems even more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For decades, San Francisco has been spilling raw sewage onto streets and beaches. The city now faces the prospect of spending billions to upgrade its infrastructure and comply with the Clean Water Act.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1717101988,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":887},"headData":{"title":"Amid Long and Costly Legal Battles, SF Urged to Update Wastewater System, Fix Sewage Discharges | KQED","description":"For decades, San Francisco has been spilling raw sewage onto streets and beaches. The city now faces the prospect of spending billions to upgrade its infrastructure and comply with the Clean Water Act.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Amid Long and Costly Legal Battles, SF Urged to Update Wastewater System, Fix Sewage Discharges","datePublished":"2024-05-29T17:01:25-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-30T13:46:28-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/cd525a81-6618-48de-9092-b18000feeb42/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Katherine Monahan","nprStoryId":"kqed-1993067","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1993067/amid-long-and-costly-legal-battles-sf-urged-to-update-wastewater-system-fix-sewage-discharges","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a clear, sunny day on Mission Creek. Kayakers are paddling by, and people are walking their dogs past the houseboats that line the banks near Oracle Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But longtime resident Peter Snider said that, especially after heavy rains, some pretty nasty things go floating downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Condoms,” Snider said. “Turds, actual turds, come down. Dead fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco discharges nearly 2 billion gallons of combined stormwater and raw sewage each year into Mission Creek and other points around the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this has been an issue for decades. “When I first moved down here,” Snider said, “it used to be called s**t creek.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1993077\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1309px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1993077\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-29-at-4.22.10%E2%80%AFPM-e1717025263860.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1309\" height=\"1054\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-29-at-4.22.10 PM-e1717025263860.png 1309w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-29-at-4.22.10 PM-e1717025263860-800x644.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-29-at-4.22.10 PM-e1717025263860-1020x821.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-29-at-4.22.10 PM-e1717025263860-160x129.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-29-at-4.22.10 PM-e1717025263860-768x618.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1309px) 100vw, 1309px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map from the EPA/Water Board lawsuit, showing Bayside and Oceanside outflow points where San Francisco discharges wastewater.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Legal battles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The resulting public health risks are serious, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ca/city-and-county-san-francisco-complaint\">lawsuit\u003c/a> the federal EPA and California Water Board filed against the city in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen all kinds of complaints from exposure to raw sewage, including rashes on the skin,” said Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director of San Francisco Baykeeper, which is one of the plaintiffs. “Anybody who’s swimming in the bay in that area where the discharge is happening, or kayaking, getting water in their face or breathing the vapors in, can definitely be \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9563686/\">impacted by bacteria\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit said children, the elderly, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems are at greater risk and that San Francisco has not been maintaining or operating its sewer system properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They should want to fix this problem,” Choksi-Chugh said. “But they really have not understood the scope and the magnitude, and they have not addressed it in an effective and efficient way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission said in a statement that it has been \u003ca href=\"https://sfpuc.org/construction-contracts/sewer-system-improvement-program\">improving its infrastructure\u003c/a> and has reduced the average number of spills. Jen Kwart of the City Attorney’s Office called the recent lawsuit “a needlessly costly approach that ignores SFPUC’s longstanding willingness to resolve the regulators’ concerns collaboratively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not the only active court case over San Francisco’s sewer system. In a separate, related lawsuit, the city sued the federal EPA in 2022, claiming that limits on how much sewage and pollutants it could dump into its surrounding waters were too vague. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2023/07/31/21-70282.pdf\">ruled against San Francisco (PDF)\u003c/a>, but the Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/23-753.html\">recently agreed\u003c/a> to hear the city’s appeal. “We are hopeful the court can bring clarity and stability to this area of law,” Kwart said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1993081\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1993081\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956-800x603.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956-1020x768.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956-160x121.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956-768x578.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/IMG_2548-scaled-e1717026598956-1536x1157.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign along Mission Creek in San Francisco indicates that the water is unsafe to swim in due to ‘sewer discharges’ and bacteria levels that ‘do not meet California standards for water contact recreation’ from May 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Katherine Monahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The court’s decision could have national repercussions. Eric Buescher, senior attorney with San Francisco Baykeeper, said, “The city has given the Supreme Court an opportunity to further weaken the Clean Water Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, why these long and costly legal battles? Why doesn’t San Francisco just fix its wastewater infrastructure and quit spilling sewage onto its streets and beaches?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Solutions and delays\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Part of the challenge is that the city has a combined sewer system — an older style that runs stormwater and sewage through the same pipes and is prone to overflows during heavy storms. Only about \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/npdes/where-combined-sewer-overflow-outfalls-are-located\">700 American communities\u003c/a> have these systems, and now, like San Francisco, they must \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/csossortc2004_full.pdf\">change their infrastructure (PDF)\u003c/a> to comply with the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Kloss, water permits manager for the EPA, said cities are addressing the problem in three main ways: by separating their systems so that sewage and rainwater will run through different pipes; by building tunnels and tanks to store stormwater until it can be treated; and by engineering green spaces to collect rainwater on the surface and prevent it from going into the sewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11980119,forum_2010101904495,news_11782405"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“These are some of the more complex engineering projects that they might ever design,” Kloss said. And yet, over 95% of these cities have developed plans, he said, and are building controls now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a lot of cases,” Kloss said, “most of the residents don’t even know what’s happening because they’re able to do it in places that are underground, or they’re installing parks and green spaces that folks don’t necessarily recognize are part of the wastewater management system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco said \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/SF-Sewer-System-Fact-Sheet.pdf\">in a statement (PDF)\u003c/a> that the kind of upgrade Kloss is talking about would cost residents well over $10 billion. Instead, the city proposes about $2.5 billion in smaller projects that would improve water quality but wouldn’t eradicate sewage discharges completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kloss said there is significant federal funding available through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act and that the issue is becoming more urgent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we anticipate with climate,” Kloss said, “is not only more rain but more intense downpours. So that will strain these systems even more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1993067/amid-long-and-costly-legal-battles-sf-urged-to-update-wastewater-system-fix-sewage-discharges","authors":["byline_science_1993067"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_182","science_4417","science_4414","science_5183","science_309","science_2581"],"featImg":"science_1993080","label":"science"},"science_1992956":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992956","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"science","id":"1992956","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stingless-bees-guard-tasty-honey-with-barricades-bouncers-and-bites","title":"Stingless Bees Guard Tasty Honey With Barricades, Bouncers and Bites","publishDate":1716908425,"format":"video","headTitle":"Stingless Bees Guard Tasty Honey With Barricades, Bouncers and Bites | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> The honeybee that sweetened your tea isn’t the only kind of bee that makes the sweet stuff. More than 600 bee species across Mexico, Central and South America and tropical regions worldwide do too. But they don’t have stingers to defend their precious product. So, how do they keep thieves away? And what does their honey taste like?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At the break of dawn, in Oaxaca, Mexico, bees are tearing down the barrier they built last night to cover their nest entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another successful night protecting their honey and babies from thieving ants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They make this lattice out of a blend of wax and a potent ant repellent. More on that later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re not eating the waxy material – they’re stashing it to reuse tonight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like the honeybees that sweeten your tea, these honeymakers live in a colony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they’re smaller and don’t have stingers to protect the sweet stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why they’re known as stingless bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more than 600 species of them in the tropics around the world, mostly in the Americas. And they’ve been around twice as long as honeybees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No bee stingers? No bee suits needed!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emilio Pérez is a stingless beekeeper in the highlands of Oaxaca, land inhabited by the Chinantec people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is \u003cem>Melipona beecheii\u003c/em>, one of the four bee species he keeps. He only raises native bees. Scientists say moving species around can spread diseases that harm them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how do these teensy bees without stingers protect their honey?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By annoying you. Some tangle in your hair … or eyebrow … and give you a bite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It only feels like a pinprick. But they could summon a whole swarm of their sisters by releasing pheromones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, for these bees, the best offense is a good defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guard bees stand watch at the nest entrance. \u003cem>Melipona beecheii\u003c/em> has just one imposing guard, stationed on this ledge shaped like a flower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other species employ as many as 15 guards. They cover the perimeter of trumpet-shaped entrances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an outsider tries to come in – like this bee from another colony – the guards sniff it out and kill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These peculiar structures also make great runways, as bees go off to work in the flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re not picky. They collect nectar and pollen from dozens of plants, which they pollinate in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stingless bees also collect resin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the sticky stuff that plants like this cedar make to keep out burrowing insects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See how she stows the drops on her back legs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different plants have different hues of resin: yellow, white, red.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They mix the resin with wax to make a pliable building material called cerumen. Your average honeybee just uses wax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stingless bees shape cerumen into little capsules for their offspring, and stack them like a tiered cake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also use the material to make their honey pots … these orbs. Yum!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a freewheeling architectural style, compared to honeybees’ hexagonal cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, remember this protective barrier? It’s made of cerumen. The resin mixed in with the wax is what keeps the ants away. They hate the resin’s smell and stickiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a year, Emilio and his daughter Salustia collect honey from their nests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stingless bee colonies are smaller and usually make less honey than honeybees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of their \u003cem>Melipona beecheii\u003c/em> colonies makes about 9 pounds a year, just one seventh of what a honeybee hive produces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salustia: We’re having a honey tasting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Deep Look team got to sample it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gabriela: A strong fermented flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh: It tastes like SweeTarts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stingless bee honey is sold as a health product to treat things like sore throats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All honeys contain hydrogen peroxide, which is antimicrobial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stingless bees visit a variety of plants, many in the rainforest. So, scientists are studying their honey and resins for chemicals that might have medicinal properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the sun goes down, bees head in for the night and cover their nest entrance once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No effort is too great to protect the riches everyone is after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hi, I’m Deep Look producer Gabriela Quirós. Thank you to our Patreon supporters, who funded our trip to Mexico to film this episode and our video about cochineal, the brilliant red insects you might be eating. Go watch, and join our Patreon today. Links in the description.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The honeybee that sweetened your tea isn’t the only kind of bee that makes the sweet stuff. More than 600 bee species across Mexico, Central and South America and tropical regions worldwide do too. But they don’t have stingers to defend their precious product. So, how do they keep thieves away? And what does their honey taste like?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1716908194,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":45,"wordCount":759},"headData":{"title":"Stingless Bees Guard Tasty Honey With Barricades, Bouncers and Bites | KQED","description":"The honeybee that sweetens your tea isn’t the only kind of bee that makes honey. More than 600 bee species across Mexico, Central and South America, and other tropical regions worldwide, also make the sweet stuff. But they don’t have stingers to defend their precious product. So, how do they keep thieves away? And what does their honey taste like?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"The honeybee that sweetens your tea isn’t the only kind of bee that makes honey. More than 600 bee species across Mexico, Central and South America, and other tropical regions worldwide, also make the sweet stuff. But they don’t have stingers to defend their precious product. So, how do they keep thieves away? And what does their honey taste like?","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stingless Bees Guard Tasty Honey With Barricades, Bouncers and Bites","datePublished":"2024-05-28T08:00:25-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-28T07:56:34-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/Sln3LiPvuVA","source":"Food","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/food","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992956/stingless-bees-guard-tasty-honey-with-barricades-bouncers-and-bites","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> The honeybee that sweetened your tea isn’t the only kind of bee that makes the sweet stuff. More than 600 bee species across Mexico, Central and South America and tropical regions worldwide do too. But they don’t have stingers to defend their precious product. So, how do they keep thieves away? And what does their honey taste like?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At the break of dawn, in Oaxaca, Mexico, bees are tearing down the barrier they built last night to cover their nest entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another successful night protecting their honey and babies from thieving ants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They make this lattice out of a blend of wax and a potent ant repellent. More on that later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re not eating the waxy material – they’re stashing it to reuse tonight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like the honeybees that sweeten your tea, these honeymakers live in a colony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they’re smaller and don’t have stingers to protect the sweet stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why they’re known as stingless bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more than 600 species of them in the tropics around the world, mostly in the Americas. And they’ve been around twice as long as honeybees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No bee stingers? No bee suits needed!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emilio Pérez is a stingless beekeeper in the highlands of Oaxaca, land inhabited by the Chinantec people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is \u003cem>Melipona beecheii\u003c/em>, one of the four bee species he keeps. He only raises native bees. Scientists say moving species around can spread diseases that harm them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how do these teensy bees without stingers protect their honey?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By annoying you. Some tangle in your hair … or eyebrow … and give you a bite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It only feels like a pinprick. But they could summon a whole swarm of their sisters by releasing pheromones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, for these bees, the best offense is a good defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guard bees stand watch at the nest entrance. \u003cem>Melipona beecheii\u003c/em> has just one imposing guard, stationed on this ledge shaped like a flower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other species employ as many as 15 guards. They cover the perimeter of trumpet-shaped entrances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an outsider tries to come in – like this bee from another colony – the guards sniff it out and kill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These peculiar structures also make great runways, as bees go off to work in the flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re not picky. They collect nectar and pollen from dozens of plants, which they pollinate in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stingless bees also collect resin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the sticky stuff that plants like this cedar make to keep out burrowing insects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See how she stows the drops on her back legs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different plants have different hues of resin: yellow, white, red.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They mix the resin with wax to make a pliable building material called cerumen. Your average honeybee just uses wax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stingless bees shape cerumen into little capsules for their offspring, and stack them like a tiered cake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also use the material to make their honey pots … these orbs. Yum!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a freewheeling architectural style, compared to honeybees’ hexagonal cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, remember this protective barrier? It’s made of cerumen. The resin mixed in with the wax is what keeps the ants away. They hate the resin’s smell and stickiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a year, Emilio and his daughter Salustia collect honey from their nests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stingless bee colonies are smaller and usually make less honey than honeybees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of their \u003cem>Melipona beecheii\u003c/em> colonies makes about 9 pounds a year, just one seventh of what a honeybee hive produces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salustia: We’re having a honey tasting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Deep Look team got to sample it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gabriela: A strong fermented flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh: It tastes like SweeTarts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stingless bee honey is sold as a health product to treat things like sore throats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All honeys contain hydrogen peroxide, which is antimicrobial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stingless bees visit a variety of plants, many in the rainforest. So, scientists are studying their honey and resins for chemicals that might have medicinal properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the sun goes down, bees head in for the night and cover their nest entrance once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No effort is too great to protect the riches everyone is after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hi, I’m Deep Look producer Gabriela Quirós. Thank you to our Patreon supporters, who funded our trip to Mexico to film this episode and our video about cochineal, the brilliant red insects you might be eating. Go watch, and join our Patreon today. Links in the description.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992956/stingless-bees-guard-tasty-honey-with-barricades-bouncers-and-bites","authors":["6186"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_30","science_35","science_36","science_40","science_4450","science_86"],"tags":["science_896","science_1970","science_4414"],"featImg":"science_1992959","label":"source_science_1992956"},"science_1993056":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1993056","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"science","id":"1993056","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"summer-weather-on-tap-as-the-bay-area-warms-up","title":"Summer Weather On Tap as the Bay Area Warms Up","publishDate":1717012454,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Summer Weather On Tap as the Bay Area Warms Up | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Heat is on the horizon for the Bay Area as temperatures are expected to climb into the 70s on the coastline and upper 80s farther inland this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures will rise Wednesday through Friday, with highs in the 70s in San Francisco and Oakland, up to 90 degrees for interior areas such as Concord, Antioch and Fairfield, and in the 60s along the immediate shore. There will be clear skies, dry air and little to no wind over land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After some cooling over the weekend, the heat will rise again mid-to-late next week, bringing what the National Weather Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/wrh/TextProduct?product=afdmtr\">forecasts\u003c/a> will be the Bay Area’s warmest weather so far this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1795768339526193499\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks who plan to escape the inland heat should be aware of cold gusts on the immediate coast, said Brayden Murdock, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service office in Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be a bit on the rougher side because all the winds were missing on land. They’re going to be building up right along the coast and into the ocean,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warm-up is caused by a ridge of high air pressure, which thins the coastal fog layer so the sun can burn through it. The jet stream — a fast current of air flowing from west to east around the globe — ushers in a weather pattern of “ridges” and “troughs.” Ridges are associated with high air pressure and sunny weather, while troughs bring low pressure and storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pattern cycles roughly every six and a half days this time of year, which is why the warmest days will be mid-week, Murdock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Heat is on the horizon for the Bay Area as temperatures are expected to climb into the 70s and 80s, with a more significant warm-up coming next week. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1717014959,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":294},"headData":{"title":"Summer Weather On Tap as the Bay Area Warms Up | KQED","description":"Heat is on the horizon for the Bay Area as temperatures are expected to climb into the 70s and 80s, with a more significant warm-up coming next week. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Summer Weather On Tap as the Bay Area Warms Up","datePublished":"2024-05-29T12:54:14-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-29T13:35:59-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Alix Soliman","nprStoryId":"kqed-1993056","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1993056/summer-weather-on-tap-as-the-bay-area-warms-up","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Heat is on the horizon for the Bay Area as temperatures are expected to climb into the 70s on the coastline and upper 80s farther inland this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures will rise Wednesday through Friday, with highs in the 70s in San Francisco and Oakland, up to 90 degrees for interior areas such as Concord, Antioch and Fairfield, and in the 60s along the immediate shore. There will be clear skies, dry air and little to no wind over land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After some cooling over the weekend, the heat will rise again mid-to-late next week, bringing what the National Weather Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/wrh/TextProduct?product=afdmtr\">forecasts\u003c/a> will be the Bay Area’s warmest weather so far this year.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1795768339526193499"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Folks who plan to escape the inland heat should be aware of cold gusts on the immediate coast, said Brayden Murdock, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service office in Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be a bit on the rougher side because all the winds were missing on land. They’re going to be building up right along the coast and into the ocean,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warm-up is caused by a ridge of high air pressure, which thins the coastal fog layer so the sun can burn through it. The jet stream — a fast current of air flowing from west to east around the globe — ushers in a weather pattern of “ridges” and “troughs.” Ridges are associated with high air pressure and sunny weather, while troughs bring low pressure and storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pattern cycles roughly every six and a half days this time of year, which is why the warmest days will be mid-week, Murdock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1993056/summer-weather-on-tap-as-the-bay-area-warms-up","authors":["byline_science_1993056"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2924","science_2455","science_4414","science_2184","science_383","science_365"],"featImg":"science_1993062","label":"science"},"science_1993048":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1993048","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"science","id":"1993048","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-considers-slew-of-bills-to-tackle-skyrocketing-fentanyl-overdoses","title":"California Considers Slew of Bills to Tackle Skyrocketing Fentanyl Overdoses","publishDate":1717009238,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Considers Slew of Bills to Tackle Skyrocketing Fentanyl Overdoses | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>As the number of people killed by drug overdose continues to skyrocket in California, state legislators are debating numerous fentanyl bills intended to save lives. This includes measures that increase access to treatment, medications that reverse overdoses, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 6,773 Californians overdosed on fentanyl, according to \u003ca href=\"https://skylab.cdph.ca.gov/ODdash/?tab=CA\">provisional data\u003c/a> released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That’s up from \u003ca href=\"https://skylab.cdph.ca.gov/ODdash/?tab=CA\">2,377 just five years ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fentanyl is a very inexpensive synthetic opioid that is 20 to 40 times stronger than heroin. It can be mixed into any number of street narcotics and prescription drugs without a user knowing what they are consuming. Ingestion of only two milligrams can be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the new federal data revealed some good news for some states on the East Coast, like Massachusetts and Maine, where overdose deaths fell last year, the fentanyl overdose tally in California is nearly 12% higher than it was back in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It warms me to see so much action in the state to address the rising overdose crisis,” said Dan Ciccarone, professor in addiction medicine at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added that “west of the Mississippi River, the fentanyl epidemic is not over. I feel like we’re not even to the halfway point yet. I’m very concerned about California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s closely following several proposed bills that “are supported by public health evidence and are likely to succeed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1842\">AB 1842\u003c/a>, which prohibits insurers from requiring patients with opioid use disorder to receive prior authorization for medical treatment. It passed the Assembly unanimously and is now before the Senate.[aside postID=news_11987665 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240524-REGIONALMEDICAL-JG-4_qut-1020x680.jpg']“This is so important as it involves removing barriers to the most effective and cost-effective medications,” Ciccarone said. “Prior authorization is a barrier at the clinical level as it provides just enough frustration to the clinician and the patient to dampen care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other bills would increase access to medications that can reverse an opioid overdose instantaneously. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1976\">AB 1976\u003c/a> would require businesses to carry \u003ca href=\"https://www.dea.gov/onepill/save-lives#:~:text=Naloxone%20is%20a%20medicine%20that,because%20of%20an%20opioid%20overdose.\">naloxone nasal spray\u003c/a> in first aid kits by July 2027. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1841\">AB 1841\u003c/a> would provide two doses of naloxone to residential advisors at California’s public colleges. Both passed the Assembly unanimously and are now before the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are considering aligning the state with new federal regulations on methadone under \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992298/a-bay-area-lawmaker-pushes-to-expand-access-to-methadone\">AB 2115\u003c/a>. The bill would allow patients to take more doses of methadone home at a time and allow more practitioners to prescribe the medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a holdover model, which is a lot tighter than what the federal government requires now,” said Keith Humphreys, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University. “That’s a good idea because that’s a treatment that’s in short supply, and it does help a lot of people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other bills targeting fentanyl use are listed below. Many are part of the \u003ca href=\"https://sd02.senate.ca.gov/safer-california-plan#others\">Safer California Plan\u003c/a>, a package of state senate bills designed to address fentanyl use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These bills would:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB2429/id/2993618\">AB 2429\u003c/a>: Expand mandatory health education in high school to include information about the dangers associated with fentanyl use.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB2136/id/2981332\">AB 2136\u003c/a>: Prevent the police from arresting someone who has willingly allowed harm reduction service providers to check their drugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB997/id/2976673\">SB 997\u003c/a>: Allow middle and high school students to carry naloxone, and it would require middle and high schools to stock and distribute fentanyl test strips.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB908/id/2999841\">SB 908\u003c/a>: Require the state’s health department to identify fentanyl-related deaths of children 0-to-5 years of age.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB1319/id/2999908\">SB 1319\u003c/a>: Expedite the approval process for nursing homes to add behavioral health programs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB1442/id/2999941\">SB 1442\u003c/a>: Establish avenues for the state to fund and distribute fentanyl tests to health care providers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB1468/id/2999963\">SB 1468\u003c/a>: Educate and encourage providers to dispense a three-day supply of narcotic medication to start detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment for people who use opioids.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB909\">SB 909\u003c/a>: Eliminate some loan repayments for physicians who agree to provide direct patient care in an underserved area for three years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB910\">SB 910\u003c/a>: Improve programming, drug testing and medication-assisted treatment for individuals moving through the criminal justice system with new statewide standards.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Ciccarone said that while the suite of legislation is a good step forward, the state is still playing catch up. “We should have been addressing things like prior authorization ten years ago,” he said.[aside postID=news_11987204 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240521-SFGeneral-01-BL-1020x680.jpg']The big ticket item that is absent from the slew of bills, he said, is supervised drug consumption sites, which are fixed or mobile spaces where people can take illicit drugs under the eye of trained staff. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992826/how-solar-storms-that-bring-northern-lights-can-also-cause-tech-chaos\">Research\u003c/a> shows these sites can lower public costs, reduce hospitalizations, and save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1980034/california-allows-supervised-illicit-drug-use-to-prevent-overdoses\">Gov. Gavin Newsom vetoed a bill\u003c/a> that would have allowed a handful of California cities to pilot supervised consumption projects in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hard stuff that we need is the stuff people are most afraid of,” he said. “We need to develop the courage and political will for big things.”\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other key policy to reduce overdoses, according to Humphreys, that is missing from the list is a \u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB3073/id/2966699\">bill\u003c/a> that died in committee earlier this year. It would have required communities to test wastewater for illicit drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Testing sewer water tells us where people are using drugs and what they’re using,” Humphreys said. “And when a new dangerous drug comes into a town, you know it right away. Plus, it lets us know if money spent on treatment, prevention, harm reduction, and law enforcement is working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California lawmakers are considering increasing access to treatment, medications that reverse overdoses and more. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1717013124,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":979},"headData":{"title":"California Considers Slew of Bills to Tackle Skyrocketing Fentanyl Overdoses | KQED","description":"California lawmakers are considering increasing access to treatment, medications that reverse overdoses and more. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Considers Slew of Bills to Tackle Skyrocketing Fentanyl Overdoses","datePublished":"2024-05-29T12:00:38-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-29T13:05:24-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-1993048","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1993048/california-considers-slew-of-bills-to-tackle-skyrocketing-fentanyl-overdoses","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the number of people killed by drug overdose continues to skyrocket in California, state legislators are debating numerous fentanyl bills intended to save lives. This includes measures that increase access to treatment, medications that reverse overdoses, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 6,773 Californians overdosed on fentanyl, according to \u003ca href=\"https://skylab.cdph.ca.gov/ODdash/?tab=CA\">provisional data\u003c/a> released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That’s up from \u003ca href=\"https://skylab.cdph.ca.gov/ODdash/?tab=CA\">2,377 just five years ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fentanyl is a very inexpensive synthetic opioid that is 20 to 40 times stronger than heroin. It can be mixed into any number of street narcotics and prescription drugs without a user knowing what they are consuming. Ingestion of only two milligrams can be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the new federal data revealed some good news for some states on the East Coast, like Massachusetts and Maine, where overdose deaths fell last year, the fentanyl overdose tally in California is nearly 12% higher than it was back in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It warms me to see so much action in the state to address the rising overdose crisis,” said Dan Ciccarone, professor in addiction medicine at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added that “west of the Mississippi River, the fentanyl epidemic is not over. I feel like we’re not even to the halfway point yet. I’m very concerned about California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s closely following several proposed bills that “are supported by public health evidence and are likely to succeed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1842\">AB 1842\u003c/a>, which prohibits insurers from requiring patients with opioid use disorder to receive prior authorization for medical treatment. It passed the Assembly unanimously and is now before the Senate.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11987665","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240524-REGIONALMEDICAL-JG-4_qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is so important as it involves removing barriers to the most effective and cost-effective medications,” Ciccarone said. “Prior authorization is a barrier at the clinical level as it provides just enough frustration to the clinician and the patient to dampen care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other bills would increase access to medications that can reverse an opioid overdose instantaneously. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1976\">AB 1976\u003c/a> would require businesses to carry \u003ca href=\"https://www.dea.gov/onepill/save-lives#:~:text=Naloxone%20is%20a%20medicine%20that,because%20of%20an%20opioid%20overdose.\">naloxone nasal spray\u003c/a> in first aid kits by July 2027. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1841\">AB 1841\u003c/a> would provide two doses of naloxone to residential advisors at California’s public colleges. Both passed the Assembly unanimously and are now before the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are considering aligning the state with new federal regulations on methadone under \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992298/a-bay-area-lawmaker-pushes-to-expand-access-to-methadone\">AB 2115\u003c/a>. The bill would allow patients to take more doses of methadone home at a time and allow more practitioners to prescribe the medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a holdover model, which is a lot tighter than what the federal government requires now,” said Keith Humphreys, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University. “That’s a good idea because that’s a treatment that’s in short supply, and it does help a lot of people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other bills targeting fentanyl use are listed below. Many are part of the \u003ca href=\"https://sd02.senate.ca.gov/safer-california-plan#others\">Safer California Plan\u003c/a>, a package of state senate bills designed to address fentanyl use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These bills would:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB2429/id/2993618\">AB 2429\u003c/a>: Expand mandatory health education in high school to include information about the dangers associated with fentanyl use.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB2136/id/2981332\">AB 2136\u003c/a>: Prevent the police from arresting someone who has willingly allowed harm reduction service providers to check their drugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB997/id/2976673\">SB 997\u003c/a>: Allow middle and high school students to carry naloxone, and it would require middle and high schools to stock and distribute fentanyl test strips.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB908/id/2999841\">SB 908\u003c/a>: Require the state’s health department to identify fentanyl-related deaths of children 0-to-5 years of age.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB1319/id/2999908\">SB 1319\u003c/a>: Expedite the approval process for nursing homes to add behavioral health programs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB1442/id/2999941\">SB 1442\u003c/a>: Establish avenues for the state to fund and distribute fentanyl tests to health care providers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB1468/id/2999963\">SB 1468\u003c/a>: Educate and encourage providers to dispense a three-day supply of narcotic medication to start detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment for people who use opioids.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB909\">SB 909\u003c/a>: Eliminate some loan repayments for physicians who agree to provide direct patient care in an underserved area for three years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB910\">SB 910\u003c/a>: Improve programming, drug testing and medication-assisted treatment for individuals moving through the criminal justice system with new statewide standards.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Ciccarone said that while the suite of legislation is a good step forward, the state is still playing catch up. “We should have been addressing things like prior authorization ten years ago,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11987204","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240521-SFGeneral-01-BL-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The big ticket item that is absent from the slew of bills, he said, is supervised drug consumption sites, which are fixed or mobile spaces where people can take illicit drugs under the eye of trained staff. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992826/how-solar-storms-that-bring-northern-lights-can-also-cause-tech-chaos\">Research\u003c/a> shows these sites can lower public costs, reduce hospitalizations, and save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1980034/california-allows-supervised-illicit-drug-use-to-prevent-overdoses\">Gov. Gavin Newsom vetoed a bill\u003c/a> that would have allowed a handful of California cities to pilot supervised consumption projects in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hard stuff that we need is the stuff people are most afraid of,” he said. “We need to develop the courage and political will for big things.”\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other key policy to reduce overdoses, according to Humphreys, that is missing from the list is a \u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB3073/id/2966699\">bill\u003c/a> that died in committee earlier this year. It would have required communities to test wastewater for illicit drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Testing sewer water tells us where people are using drugs and what they’re using,” Humphreys said. “And when a new dangerous drug comes into a town, you know it right away. Plus, it lets us know if money spent on treatment, prevention, harm reduction, and law enforcement is working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1993048/california-considers-slew-of-bills-to-tackle-skyrocketing-fentanyl-overdoses","authors":["11229"],"categories":["science_39","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_5178","science_3541","science_4008","science_5181"],"featImg":"science_1993053","label":"science"},"science_1992933":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992933","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"science","id":"1992933","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-has-a-theory-on-why-brown-pelicans-are-starving-and-dying","title":"California Has a Theory on Why Brown Pelicans Are Starving and Dying","publishDate":1716469215,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Has a Theory on Why Brown Pelicans Are Starving and Dying | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Emaciated brown pelicans are washing up on California shores in the hundreds. State officials and researchers aren’t sure why, but they think it could be weather-related.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s working hypothesis is that this situation, similar to what happened in 2022 when nearly 800 starving pelicans were rescued, was likely caused by late spring storms hitting the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The waters were incredibly choppy, it was very windy, visibility was poor,” said Tim Daly, spokesperson for the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. “Our strongest belief at this point is that the pelicans were simply having trouble reaching the fish that were below the surface.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said there are plenty of fish and noted that anchovies are particularly abundant this year. The pelicans just can’t find them in the murky water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey Bay is a particular hotspot in the state’s rescue effort. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.spcamc.org/programs-resources/wildlife-rescue-rehabilitation/wildlife-rescue.html\">Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center\u003c/a> at the SPCA of Monterey County has taken in more than 100 famished birds over the past month. Staff there have dedicated two outdoor enclosures to the pelicans and converted a staff bathroom into a heated recovery room for birds that can’t regulate their body temperature. Rescue calls started coming in on April 19 and have not yet stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ciera Duits-Cavanaugh, manager of the wildlife center, said the birds are arriving at half the weight they should be and that most rescues are happening on piers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992901\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992901\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing blue gloves takes a blood sample from a leathery foot of a bird.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildlife technicians at SPCA of Monterey County take a blood sample from the foot of a pelican. Like most of the rescued birds, the sample revealed the bird was anemic. \u003ccite>(Alix Soliman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[The birds are] targeting places where there’s easy food, so boats that are off-loading fish onto docks, restaurants — anywhere that they can get a hand-out,” Duits-Cavanaugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cory Utter, the senior wildlife technician at the wildlife center, said they likely are not saving all the pelicans because most people can’t tell if a bird is struggling. There is one sure sign, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can walk right up to it, and it doesn’t seem bothered by you, then there’s probably something wrong,” Utter said. Officials recommend people call local wildlife centers if that happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a mom and her young son reported a weak-looking pelican drooping its beak into a tide pool at Asilomar State Beach in Monterey County. Two SPCA volunteers crouched down on the rocks, scooped up the bird, and placed it in a dog crate. The pelican didn’t resist. After a short drive back to the wildlife center, the volunteers pulled out the crate. The bird’s eyes were open, but its head was cocked to one side, and it was motionless. It had died in transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Storms may be to blame\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rebecca Duerr, director of Research and veterinary science at International Bird Rescue, said the explanation that early spring storms limit the bird’s ability to find food makes sense, especially since they’ve tested dead pelicans and ruled out avian flu as a possible cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly, the visibility and catchability of fish can be an issue for them because they don’t dive very deep — even the biggest brown pelican can only grab fish about 6 feet deep,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992900\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992900\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut.jpg\" alt=\"White and blue birds with long beaks stand on colorful rugs.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pelicans struggling to regulate their body temperature rest in a warming room at the SPCA Monterey County, between 75–80 degrees Fahrenheit. \u003ccite>(Alix Soliman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About one-third to a half of the starving pelicans arriving at rescue centers were injured, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that brown pelicans take more risks in their feeding — more likely to go after fishing gear and that sort of stuff — when they’re nutritionally stressed,” Duerr said. “A desperate, hungry pelican can get into trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an odd weather event in 2010, she said, they were found landing in people’s yards and snatching food off of hot barbecue grills.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pelicans back from the brink\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California brown pelicans \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/places/000/california-brown-pelican.htm#:~:text=In%20the%201960s%20and%201970s,the%20sea%20as%20the%20cause.\">almost went extinct\u003c/a> in the 1970s. Researchers found that the toxic chemical DDT entered coastal waters, where it was absorbed by the fish pelicans eat. The chemical changed the calcium metabolism in the birds’ bodies, which made them lay eggs with shells too fragile to withstand the weight of incubation. After DDT was banned, the pelicans recovered and were removed from the endangered species list in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1992713 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-10-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg']Brown pelicans’ largest breeding colonies are in the Channel Islands and Baja California, Mexico. Nesting season peaks in March and April, and newborns typically arrive in the Bay Area around May. But Duerr said most of the starving pelicans she’s seeing are older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Channel Islands colony, we know, has done a lot of chick abandonment, so there probably won’t be any fledglings arriving,” Duerr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Anderson is a retired professor from UC Davis who has studied brown pelicans for over 50 years and helped prevent their extinction. He’s planning to check on the Baja colony this month, but he said he’s not optimistic after seeing how they fared earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The breeding birds in the Gulf of California are failing miserably,” Anderson said. “Where there would be 20-30,000 nests, this year there were way less than 1000.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992902\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992902\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nia Newcombe (left) with SPCA volunteers Nancy Cunningham and Philip Johnson after scooping up a starving pelican at Asilomar State Beach. The pelican did not survive. \u003ccite>(Alix Soliman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anderson said the Baja population declined in 2014 during the marine heat wave scientists called “the blob” and has not really recovered since. He also said the pelican population tends to follow the El Niño and La Niña sea surface temperature cycles — doing worse with warm El Niño conditions and better with cold La Niña conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California experienced a rare three-year run of La Niña from 2020 to 2023 before El Niño in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.shtml\">predicts\u003c/a> we’ll enter neutral conditions soon and may see La Niña emerge this summer. “The surface fish like anchovies, sardines seem to be more available to surface-feeding seabirds during La Niña conditions,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992898\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992898\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Six brown and white birds stand inside a fence.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scraggly birds flap their wings in the breeze and preen their feathers in an enclosure at the SPCA of Monterey County. \u003ccite>(Alix Soliman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As climate change is expected to make El Niño cycles \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/has-climate-change-already-affected-enso\">more intense and frequent\u003c/a>, Anderson said pelicans may gradually move north to breed. “It’s a complex situation, and it’s dynamic and moving really fast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The state’s working hypothesis is that this situation was caused by late spring storms hitting the coast.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1716478866,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1183},"headData":{"title":"California Has a Theory on Why Brown Pelicans Are Starving and Dying | KQED","description":"The state’s working hypothesis is that this situation was caused by late spring storms hitting the coast.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Has a Theory on Why Brown Pelicans Are Starving and Dying","datePublished":"2024-05-23T06:00:15-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-23T08:41:06-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Alix Soliman","nprStoryId":"kqed-1992933","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992933/california-has-a-theory-on-why-brown-pelicans-are-starving-and-dying","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Emaciated brown pelicans are washing up on California shores in the hundreds. State officials and researchers aren’t sure why, but they think it could be weather-related.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s working hypothesis is that this situation, similar to what happened in 2022 when nearly 800 starving pelicans were rescued, was likely caused by late spring storms hitting the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The waters were incredibly choppy, it was very windy, visibility was poor,” said Tim Daly, spokesperson for the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. “Our strongest belief at this point is that the pelicans were simply having trouble reaching the fish that were below the surface.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said there are plenty of fish and noted that anchovies are particularly abundant this year. The pelicans just can’t find them in the murky water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey Bay is a particular hotspot in the state’s rescue effort. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.spcamc.org/programs-resources/wildlife-rescue-rehabilitation/wildlife-rescue.html\">Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center\u003c/a> at the SPCA of Monterey County has taken in more than 100 famished birds over the past month. Staff there have dedicated two outdoor enclosures to the pelicans and converted a staff bathroom into a heated recovery room for birds that can’t regulate their body temperature. Rescue calls started coming in on April 19 and have not yet stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ciera Duits-Cavanaugh, manager of the wildlife center, said the birds are arriving at half the weight they should be and that most rescues are happening on piers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992901\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992901\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing blue gloves takes a blood sample from a leathery foot of a bird.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-06_qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildlife technicians at SPCA of Monterey County take a blood sample from the foot of a pelican. Like most of the rescued birds, the sample revealed the bird was anemic. \u003ccite>(Alix Soliman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[The birds are] targeting places where there’s easy food, so boats that are off-loading fish onto docks, restaurants — anywhere that they can get a hand-out,” Duits-Cavanaugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cory Utter, the senior wildlife technician at the wildlife center, said they likely are not saving all the pelicans because most people can’t tell if a bird is struggling. There is one sure sign, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can walk right up to it, and it doesn’t seem bothered by you, then there’s probably something wrong,” Utter said. Officials recommend people call local wildlife centers if that happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a mom and her young son reported a weak-looking pelican drooping its beak into a tide pool at Asilomar State Beach in Monterey County. Two SPCA volunteers crouched down on the rocks, scooped up the bird, and placed it in a dog crate. The pelican didn’t resist. After a short drive back to the wildlife center, the volunteers pulled out the crate. The bird’s eyes were open, but its head was cocked to one side, and it was motionless. It had died in transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Storms may be to blame\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rebecca Duerr, director of Research and veterinary science at International Bird Rescue, said the explanation that early spring storms limit the bird’s ability to find food makes sense, especially since they’ve tested dead pelicans and ruled out avian flu as a possible cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly, the visibility and catchability of fish can be an issue for them because they don’t dive very deep — even the biggest brown pelican can only grab fish about 6 feet deep,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992900\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992900\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut.jpg\" alt=\"White and blue birds with long beaks stand on colorful rugs.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-02_qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pelicans struggling to regulate their body temperature rest in a warming room at the SPCA Monterey County, between 75–80 degrees Fahrenheit. \u003ccite>(Alix Soliman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About one-third to a half of the starving pelicans arriving at rescue centers were injured, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that brown pelicans take more risks in their feeding — more likely to go after fishing gear and that sort of stuff — when they’re nutritionally stressed,” Duerr said. “A desperate, hungry pelican can get into trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an odd weather event in 2010, she said, they were found landing in people’s yards and snatching food off of hot barbecue grills.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pelicans back from the brink\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California brown pelicans \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/places/000/california-brown-pelican.htm#:~:text=In%20the%201960s%20and%201970s,the%20sea%20as%20the%20cause.\">almost went extinct\u003c/a> in the 1970s. Researchers found that the toxic chemical DDT entered coastal waters, where it was absorbed by the fish pelicans eat. The chemical changed the calcium metabolism in the birds’ bodies, which made them lay eggs with shells too fragile to withstand the weight of incubation. After DDT was banned, the pelicans recovered and were removed from the endangered species list in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1992713","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-10-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Brown pelicans’ largest breeding colonies are in the Channel Islands and Baja California, Mexico. Nesting season peaks in March and April, and newborns typically arrive in the Bay Area around May. But Duerr said most of the starving pelicans she’s seeing are older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Channel Islands colony, we know, has done a lot of chick abandonment, so there probably won’t be any fledglings arriving,” Duerr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Anderson is a retired professor from UC Davis who has studied brown pelicans for over 50 years and helped prevent their extinction. He’s planning to check on the Baja colony this month, but he said he’s not optimistic after seeing how they fared earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The breeding birds in the Gulf of California are failing miserably,” Anderson said. “Where there would be 20-30,000 nests, this year there were way less than 1000.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992902\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992902\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-07_qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nia Newcombe (left) with SPCA volunteers Nancy Cunningham and Philip Johnson after scooping up a starving pelican at Asilomar State Beach. The pelican did not survive. \u003ccite>(Alix Soliman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anderson said the Baja population declined in 2014 during the marine heat wave scientists called “the blob” and has not really recovered since. He also said the pelican population tends to follow the El Niño and La Niña sea surface temperature cycles — doing worse with warm El Niño conditions and better with cold La Niña conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California experienced a rare three-year run of La Niña from 2020 to 2023 before El Niño in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.shtml\">predicts\u003c/a> we’ll enter neutral conditions soon and may see La Niña emerge this summer. “The surface fish like anchovies, sardines seem to be more available to surface-feeding seabirds during La Niña conditions,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992898\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992898\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Six brown and white birds stand inside a fence.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240513-BrownPelicans-AlixSoliman-04_qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scraggly birds flap their wings in the breeze and preen their feathers in an enclosure at the SPCA of Monterey County. \u003ccite>(Alix Soliman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As climate change is expected to make El Niño cycles \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/has-climate-change-already-affected-enso\">more intense and frequent\u003c/a>, Anderson said pelicans may gradually move north to breed. “It’s a complex situation, and it’s dynamic and moving really fast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992933/california-has-a-theory-on-why-brown-pelicans-are-starving-and-dying","authors":["byline_science_1992933"],"categories":["science_2874","science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_163","science_4417","science_4414","science_5319","science_5318","science_804"],"featImg":"science_1992899","label":"science"},"science_1918301":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1918301","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"science","id":"1918301","found":true},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1513238497,"format":"image","title":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?","headTitle":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay? | KQED","content":"\u003cp>Passengers flying into Bay Area airports usually spot them out the window: huge, colorful ponds, hugging the shoreline of the bay. The patchwork of brown, green and pink looks like a bizarre quilt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re known as the “salt ponds,” and Bay Curious listener Ann Vercoutere has wondered about them since her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’d drive by on the old Bayshore Freeway, you’d see these big piles of salt,” she says. “So, my question is: what’s the process of how they go from dirty bay water into salt that comes out white from my salt shaker?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>143 Billion Bowls of Popcorn\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Those giant piles of salt actually hold of piece of the Bay Area’s history going back to the Gold Rush and reflect the legacy of environmental change since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, they also hold a lot of seasoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The salt stack is 80 feet tall and about 800 feet wide,” says Maria Alizo-Martell of Cargill, Inc., standing next to the 500,000-ton pile. By rough estimate, it would season 143 billion bowls of popcorn, give or take, depending on how salty you like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piles are at Cargill’s Newark facility, where the final harvest takes place. But it begins in San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salty water from the bay is captured in vast ponds, where it starts to evaporate because of heat from the sun and drying by the wind. At first, the ponds are green or brownish in color, like the bay itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918307\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1918307 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/SP_V05_171212.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation shows the movement of reddish salt brine through Cargill’s Newark ponds over the course of 2017. \u003ccite>(Images provided by Planet)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the salt water becomes more concentrated, it’s moved into other ponds where the color becomes more yellowish. Finally, in the last stage, the “pickle” brine, as it’s known, starts turning pink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like pink,” says Alizo-Martell with a chuckle, walking across a shallow pond with an inch of pink water. It covers a thick layer of crusty salt and looks like a giant, raspberry snow cone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/bay-curious/2017/12/salt-ponds.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/3526386886_f2139fe9ab_o-e1513209482229.jpg\" Title=\"LISTEN: What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?\" program=\"Bay Curious\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t Call it a “Salt Pond”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“This is what we call a crystallizer bed,” says Cargill’s Pat Mapelli. “This is very engineered, managed and manicured, where everything has been rolled, graded, sloped and compacted. Whereas a salt pond is essentially a diked off area that has been flooded with salt water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibrant pink hue comes from a natural source: halobacterium and microscopic algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the water gets saltier, some microbes can’t hack it and they die off. But others are specially adapted to salty conditions and they flourish, changing the color of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918310\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt-loving microbes color the water before harvest. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they get stressed as the salinity increases, they produce that red color,” says Alizo-Martell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The saltier the water, the redder the microbes get. That color aids in the salt-making process by absorbing sunlight and increasing evaporation. Clear water doesn’t absorb as much light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once several inches of salt form, Cargill begins the harvest, which lasts from September to December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just beautiful,” says Alizo-Martell, picking up a handful of the flaky, white cubes. “It’s so weather dependent. You had a bad year, you get not much salt.” A lot of rain slows down the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918312\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The massive salt stack in Newark holds 500,000 tons. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In all, it takes three years and a thousand gallons of bay water to produce just one pound of salt. From here, it goes to a refinery where it’s cleaned, sized and sold as sea salt, bearing the Morton’s or Diamond Crystal brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 3 percent of the salt ends up on our table. The rest supplies a huge range of industrial processes, from pharmaceuticals to food production, water treatment and road salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Gold Rush History\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, the Bay Area may not be what it is today without its salt. Harvesting salt from the Bay dates back to Native American groups like the Ohlone, but demand really picked up in the 1850s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As people migrated from the east to the west, mostly around the discovery of gold, there was a need for salt,” says Mapelli. “Everybody traveled with salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without refrigeration, salt was how people preserved food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was almost worth its weight in gold,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salt-making boomed through the 1970s, when Cargill bought the operation. 44,000 acres of the bay were in production then, but today, it’s just 8,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the market for salt shifted and so did our view of what San Francisco Bay should be. The salt ponds used to be marshes, which, around the time of the Gold Rush, were seen as wasteland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only three percent ends up as table salt. The rest goes to industry. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There was an encouragement by both the state and federal government to put what they considered wasteland or swamp and overflow lands into economic use,” Mapelli says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Bay has lost more than 80 percent of its marshes. So, in 2003, the federal and state governments bought thousands of acres of ponds from Cargill. In the biggest ecosystem restoration project on the West Coast, the ponds are being reconnected to the Bay and restored to their original status as marshlands to support wildlife and act as buffers against rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Bay Curious questioner Ann Vercoutere, the ponds are one of the few things that haven’t changed from her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was a kid in Mountain View, “there were lots of orchards around,” she says. “Some of our summer jobs were going to work picking Italian prune plums with the migrant workers. Shoreline Amphitheater was the city dump. That was always a fun Saturday to go with our dad and pick through the dump and look for stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the salt ponds border some of the most expensive real estate in the nation, not far from gleaming tech campuses. The chances of starting a large, industrial salt-making operation in the Bay today are effectively zilch, for financial and environmental reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the long, colorful history, Cargill still holds rights to make salt, which really, is the only way salt-harvesting has stuck around amid the intense development pressure of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\n","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":true,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1179,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":33},"modified":1704928268,"excerpt":"The answer might be sitting on your kitchen table right now.","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"The answer might be sitting on your kitchen table right now.","title":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay? | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?","datePublished":"2017-12-14T00:01:37-08:00","dateModified":"2024-01-10T15:11:08-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-are-those-weird-pink-ponds-in-san-francisco-bay","status":"publish","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/12/WEBversionSaltPondswithfunder.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","sticky":false,"source":"Bay Curious","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1918301/what-are-those-weird-pink-ponds-in-san-francisco-bay","audioDuration":475000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Passengers flying into Bay Area airports usually spot them out the window: huge, colorful ponds, hugging the shoreline of the bay. The patchwork of brown, green and pink looks like a bizarre quilt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re known as the “salt ponds,” and Bay Curious listener Ann Vercoutere has wondered about them since her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’d drive by on the old Bayshore Freeway, you’d see these big piles of salt,” she says. “So, my question is: what’s the process of how they go from dirty bay water into salt that comes out white from my salt shaker?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>143 Billion Bowls of Popcorn\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Those giant piles of salt actually hold of piece of the Bay Area’s history going back to the Gold Rush and reflect the legacy of environmental change since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, they also hold a lot of seasoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The salt stack is 80 feet tall and about 800 feet wide,” says Maria Alizo-Martell of Cargill, Inc., standing next to the 500,000-ton pile. By rough estimate, it would season 143 billion bowls of popcorn, give or take, depending on how salty you like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piles are at Cargill’s Newark facility, where the final harvest takes place. But it begins in San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salty water from the bay is captured in vast ponds, where it starts to evaporate because of heat from the sun and drying by the wind. At first, the ponds are green or brownish in color, like the bay itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918307\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1918307 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/SP_V05_171212.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation shows the movement of reddish salt brine through Cargill’s Newark ponds over the course of 2017. \u003ccite>(Images provided by Planet)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the salt water becomes more concentrated, it’s moved into other ponds where the color becomes more yellowish. Finally, in the last stage, the “pickle” brine, as it’s known, starts turning pink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like pink,” says Alizo-Martell with a chuckle, walking across a shallow pond with an inch of pink water. It covers a thick layer of crusty salt and looks like a giant, raspberry snow cone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/bay-curious/2017/12/salt-ponds.mp3","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/3526386886_f2139fe9ab_o-e1513209482229.jpg","title":"LISTEN: What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?","program":"Bay Curious","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t Call it a “Salt Pond”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“This is what we call a crystallizer bed,” says Cargill’s Pat Mapelli. “This is very engineered, managed and manicured, where everything has been rolled, graded, sloped and compacted. Whereas a salt pond is essentially a diked off area that has been flooded with salt water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibrant pink hue comes from a natural source: halobacterium and microscopic algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the water gets saltier, some microbes can’t hack it and they die off. But others are specially adapted to salty conditions and they flourish, changing the color of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918310\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt-loving microbes color the water before harvest. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they get stressed as the salinity increases, they produce that red color,” says Alizo-Martell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The saltier the water, the redder the microbes get. That color aids in the salt-making process by absorbing sunlight and increasing evaporation. Clear water doesn’t absorb as much light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once several inches of salt form, Cargill begins the harvest, which lasts from September to December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just beautiful,” says Alizo-Martell, picking up a handful of the flaky, white cubes. “It’s so weather dependent. You had a bad year, you get not much salt.” A lot of rain slows down the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918312\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The massive salt stack in Newark holds 500,000 tons. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In all, it takes three years and a thousand gallons of bay water to produce just one pound of salt. From here, it goes to a refinery where it’s cleaned, sized and sold as sea salt, bearing the Morton’s or Diamond Crystal brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 3 percent of the salt ends up on our table. The rest supplies a huge range of industrial processes, from pharmaceuticals to food production, water treatment and road salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Gold Rush History\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, the Bay Area may not be what it is today without its salt. Harvesting salt from the Bay dates back to Native American groups like the Ohlone, but demand really picked up in the 1850s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As people migrated from the east to the west, mostly around the discovery of gold, there was a need for salt,” says Mapelli. “Everybody traveled with salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without refrigeration, salt was how people preserved food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was almost worth its weight in gold,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salt-making boomed through the 1970s, when Cargill bought the operation. 44,000 acres of the bay were in production then, but today, it’s just 8,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the market for salt shifted and so did our view of what San Francisco Bay should be. The salt ponds used to be marshes, which, around the time of the Gold Rush, were seen as wasteland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only three percent ends up as table salt. The rest goes to industry. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There was an encouragement by both the state and federal government to put what they considered wasteland or swamp and overflow lands into economic use,” Mapelli says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Bay has lost more than 80 percent of its marshes. So, in 2003, the federal and state governments bought thousands of acres of ponds from Cargill. In the biggest ecosystem restoration project on the West Coast, the ponds are being reconnected to the Bay and restored to their original status as marshlands to support wildlife and act as buffers against rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Bay Curious questioner Ann Vercoutere, the ponds are one of the few things that haven’t changed from her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was a kid in Mountain View, “there were lots of orchards around,” she says. “Some of our summer jobs were going to work picking Italian prune plums with the migrant workers. Shoreline Amphitheater was the city dump. That was always a fun Saturday to go with our dad and pick through the dump and look for stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the salt ponds border some of the most expensive real estate in the nation, not far from gleaming tech campuses. The chances of starting a large, industrial salt-making operation in the Bay today are effectively zilch, for financial and environmental reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the long, colorful history, Cargill still holds rights to make salt, which really, is the only way salt-harvesting has stuck around amid the intense development pressure of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1918301/what-are-those-weird-pink-ponds-in-san-francisco-bay","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_3370","science_507","science_670","science_208"],"featImg":"science_1918302","label":"source_science_1918301"},"science_1446777":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1446777","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"science","id":"1446777","found":true},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"science","term":1935},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1489496402,"format":"video","title":"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex","headTitle":"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex | KQED","content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]The recent heavy rains in California have been good for the drought. But it’s not just people who are celebrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown garden snails, which originated in the Mediterranean where the climate resembles much of California’s, thrive in moist places. If it’s too cold or too dry, they hunker down in their shells and wait for a wet spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the rain, when everything’s nice and damp, like it is now, snails re-emerge. That’s when love is in the air. But the sex life of these common snails is anything but ordinary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they’re hermaphrodites, fitted with both male and female reproductive plumbing, and can mate with any member of their species they want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds easy, but the battle of the sexes is alive and well in gastropods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447017\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Snails find reproductive partners by following their slime trails.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails find reproductive partners by following their slime trails. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fundamental problem for snails, who are both male and female at the same time, is how you optimize both your male function and your female function,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry_Roth2/publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Barry Roth, \u003c/a>a former collections manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/?gclid=CM_Omev1utICFQmIfgodVAkI3g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> who’s now an independent snail and slug consultant in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In nature, fatherhood is easier. It’s the quickest, cheapest way to pass on your genes. Motherhood requires a much greater investment of time, energy, and resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Courtship is how they sort that out,” Roth said. “Who’s going to be male? Who’s going to be female? Or is it going to be shared?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With garden snails, “courtship” is somewhat euphemistic. Their idea of foreplay is to stab each other with a tiny spike called a love dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the play-by-play. Snails find mates using taste and smell. By waving their upper tentacles in the air—smelling—and tapping their lower ones on the ground—tasting—they pick up on the gooey trails of potential partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they follow the slime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(For a detailed look at the many uses of slime, checkout this episode of Deep Look, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHvCQSGanJg&list=PLdKlciEDdCQBpNSC7BIONruffF_ab4cqK\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Banana Slugs: Secret of the Slime.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447013\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snails_foreplay_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1447013\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snails_foreplay_720.gif\" alt=\"Snails spend hours smelling and tasting a potential mate.\" width=\"720\" height=\"404\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails spend hours smelling and tasting a potential mate. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When snails meet, the tasting and smelling continue, this time with full-body contact, sometimes for hours. Call it heavy petting or extreme vetting, snails take the time to get to know their partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything in this courtship is wine and roses at first—then comes the love dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically called a gypsobelum, the love dart is a nail-clipping-sized needle that stays hidden in an internal sac until about half an hour before copulation begins, when the sac inverts and it’s fired, or stabbed, indiscriminately into the partner’s body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being stabbed by the male dart makes you more of a female-oriented partner in that courtship,” said Roth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447011\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447011\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-800x450.jpg\" alt='Garden snails stab each other with \"love darts\" before copulation.' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garden snails stab each other with “love darts” before copulation. \u003ccite>(Koene & Schulenburg 2005 BMC Evol. Biol.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The love dart is the snails’ tool for maximizing their male side. It injects hormones to prevent the other snail’s body from killing newly introduced sperm once copulation begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginal tracts. Both snails in a pairing transfer sperm, but whichever snail got in the best shot with the dart has a better chance of ultimately fertilizing eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some species, only one snail fires a love dart, but in others, like the garden snail, both do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole reproductive system is a quite a maze,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.joriskoene.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joris Koene,\u003c/a> a gastropod researcher at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447014\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginas, and they exchange sperm. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginas, and they exchange sperm. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can spot love darts sticking out of snails in mid-courtship, and even find them abandoned in slime puddles where mating has been happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scale it up to human size and the love dart would be the equivalent of a 15-inch knife, according to Koene. Nonetheless, he’s only seen one snail die by dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does make a pretty decent-sized hole in the body,” he said, “but in general, they are fine. They’re used to this, I guess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"To film snails copulating, the Deep Look team built a tabletop snail love garden.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To film snails copulating, the Deep Look team built a tabletop snail love garden. \u003ccite>(Jen Brady / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":748,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":25},"modified":1704928992,"excerpt":"Besides having both boy and girl parts, they stab each other with “love darts” as a kind of foreplay.","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"Besides having both boy and girl parts, they stab each other with “love darts” as a kind of foreplay.","title":"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex","datePublished":"2017-03-14T06:00:02-07:00","dateModified":"2024-01-10T15:23:12-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"everything-you-never-wanted-to-know-about-snail-sex","status":"publish","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/UOcLaI44TXA","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1446777/everything-you-never-wanted-to-know-about-snail-sex","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The recent heavy rains in California have been good for the drought. But it’s not just people who are celebrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown garden snails, which originated in the Mediterranean where the climate resembles much of California’s, thrive in moist places. If it’s too cold or too dry, they hunker down in their shells and wait for a wet spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the rain, when everything’s nice and damp, like it is now, snails re-emerge. That’s when love is in the air. But the sex life of these common snails is anything but ordinary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they’re hermaphrodites, fitted with both male and female reproductive plumbing, and can mate with any member of their species they want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds easy, but the battle of the sexes is alive and well in gastropods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447017\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Snails find reproductive partners by following their slime trails.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails find reproductive partners by following their slime trails. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fundamental problem for snails, who are both male and female at the same time, is how you optimize both your male function and your female function,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry_Roth2/publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Barry Roth, \u003c/a>a former collections manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/?gclid=CM_Omev1utICFQmIfgodVAkI3g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> who’s now an independent snail and slug consultant in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In nature, fatherhood is easier. It’s the quickest, cheapest way to pass on your genes. Motherhood requires a much greater investment of time, energy, and resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Courtship is how they sort that out,” Roth said. “Who’s going to be male? Who’s going to be female? Or is it going to be shared?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With garden snails, “courtship” is somewhat euphemistic. Their idea of foreplay is to stab each other with a tiny spike called a love dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the play-by-play. Snails find mates using taste and smell. By waving their upper tentacles in the air—smelling—and tapping their lower ones on the ground—tasting—they pick up on the gooey trails of potential partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they follow the slime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(For a detailed look at the many uses of slime, checkout this episode of Deep Look, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHvCQSGanJg&list=PLdKlciEDdCQBpNSC7BIONruffF_ab4cqK\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Banana Slugs: Secret of the Slime.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447013\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snails_foreplay_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1447013\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snails_foreplay_720.gif\" alt=\"Snails spend hours smelling and tasting a potential mate.\" width=\"720\" height=\"404\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails spend hours smelling and tasting a potential mate. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When snails meet, the tasting and smelling continue, this time with full-body contact, sometimes for hours. Call it heavy petting or extreme vetting, snails take the time to get to know their partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything in this courtship is wine and roses at first—then comes the love dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically called a gypsobelum, the love dart is a nail-clipping-sized needle that stays hidden in an internal sac until about half an hour before copulation begins, when the sac inverts and it’s fired, or stabbed, indiscriminately into the partner’s body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being stabbed by the male dart makes you more of a female-oriented partner in that courtship,” said Roth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447011\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447011\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-800x450.jpg\" alt='Garden snails stab each other with \"love darts\" before copulation.' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garden snails stab each other with “love darts” before copulation. \u003ccite>(Koene & Schulenburg 2005 BMC Evol. Biol.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The love dart is the snails’ tool for maximizing their male side. It injects hormones to prevent the other snail’s body from killing newly introduced sperm once copulation begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginal tracts. Both snails in a pairing transfer sperm, but whichever snail got in the best shot with the dart has a better chance of ultimately fertilizing eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some species, only one snail fires a love dart, but in others, like the garden snail, both do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole reproductive system is a quite a maze,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.joriskoene.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joris Koene,\u003c/a> a gastropod researcher at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447014\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginas, and they exchange sperm. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginas, and they exchange sperm. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can spot love darts sticking out of snails in mid-courtship, and even find them abandoned in slime puddles where mating has been happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scale it up to human size and the love dart would be the equivalent of a 15-inch knife, according to Koene. Nonetheless, he’s only seen one snail die by dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does make a pretty decent-sized hole in the body,” he said, “but in general, they are fine. They’re used to this, I guess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"To film snails copulating, the Deep Look team built a tabletop snail love garden.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To film snails copulating, the Deep Look team built a tabletop snail love garden. \u003ccite>(Jen Brady / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1446777/everything-you-never-wanted-to-know-about-snail-sex","authors":["11090"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_35","science_40","science_86"],"tags":["science_179"],"featImg":"science_1467862","label":"science_1935"},"science_1991905":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991905","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"science","id":"1991905","found":true},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1710846046,"format":"standard","title":"Don't Think Heat Pumps Are Sexy? Time to Listen to This Slow Jam","headTitle":"Don’t Think Heat Pumps Are Sexy? Time to Listen to This Slow Jam | KQED","content":"\u003cp>You know what’s hot but also cool? R&B music. You know what else is? \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1981511/how-the-unassuming-heat-pump-can-stave-off-warming\">Heat pumps\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pair of Berkeley musicians set out to prove it by combining the two in a sultry, catchy slow jam called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.hotmike.com/heat-pump.html\">(I’m Your) Heat Pump\u003c/a>”—and the unlikely song delivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(I’m Your) Heat Pump” is full of delightful double entendres, with the heat pump playing the role of both lover and steady, dependable appliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you want it hot, I’m hot for you, when you want it cool, I’m cool witchu, babe,” croons singer Will Hammond Jr., in a line that will surely earworm its way into your head. “Cause I can do it all for you, baby, all you got to do is turn me on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with being surprisingly catchy, the song educates listeners about the heat pump: how it fights climate change, how heat pumps work, and why you might consider the heating and cooling device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can listen to the song here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1746273273&color=0053a4&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_teaser=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#song\">Why write a song about heat pumps?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#heatpump\">What’s a heat pump?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#climatesolution\">Why do heat pumps matter as a climate solution?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#cost\">How much do heat pumps cost?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#info\">What else should I know about heat pumps?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"song\">\u003c/a>Why write a song about heat pumps?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“People can mistakenly think that maybe [heat pumps] are a little boring. Maybe they’re a little humdrum,” said Mike Roberts, a part-time musician and part-time music teacher. But, he said, they aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want people to know that heat pumps are actually very exciting,” Roberts said. They are “such a great way for us as individuals to make a difference with the climate and to improve our lives at the same time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts converted his furnace, water heater, stove and clothes dryer — the most common gas-powered appliances — to electric appliances a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been such a fan of home electrification since then that he volunteers with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://switchison.org/\">The Switch Is On\u003c/a>, which facilitates home electrification. He had joked before that he’d like to write music about electrification. And then he did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first lyrics he wrote were, “I’m your heat pump,” Roberts said. “And I just started laughing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts recruited his bandmate and music publisher, Will Hammond Jr., to sing the ballad with his deep and resonant voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991928\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1991928 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bandmates Will Hammond Jr. (left) and Mike Roberts at Roberts’s home in Berkeley on Mar. 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Styer Martínez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I had the ghost of Barry White sort of talking to me like, ‘Come on, man, you can do this,’” Hammond said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both musicians wanted the song to be more than funny; they wanted it to actually tell people about heat pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like edutainment,” Hammond said. “We’re educating people, but we’re also entertaining them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of appetite in the climate space right now for a little bit of fun,” Roberts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"heatpump\">\u003c/a>What’s a heat pump?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A heat pump can warm or cool a home, serving the same role as a furnace and air conditioner all rolled into one. The difference is that most furnaces use gas, while a heat pump uses electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat pumps can also warm and cool water, like a water heater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the technology sounds strange, you may be surprised to know that you likely already have a type of heat pump in your home. This is how your refrigerator works.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"climatesolution\">\u003c/a>Why do heat pumps matter as a climate solution?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The largest source of emissions in your home comes from heating and cooling your indoor air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat pumps are \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-heat-pumps/how-a-heat-pump-works\">three to five times more efficient than gas furnaces\u003c/a> and can \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421522000386\">cut a home’s carbon pollution by 40%–50%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1981511 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/02/RS60056_023_KQED_HomeElectrificationOakland_11072022-qut-1020x680.jpg']California’s grid is constantly getting greener as more zero-carbon and clean energy sources come online. And the state has\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/07/22/governor-newsom-calls-for-bold-actions-to-move-faster-toward-climate-goals/\"> the goal of installing 6 million heat pumps by 2030\u003c/a> — which would save millions of pounds of CO2.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"cost\">\u003c/a>How much do heat pumps cost?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Heat pumps tend to be more expensive than gas furnaces but less expensive than the price of a gas furnace and an air conditioning unit combined (and heat pumps do both things).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether a new build or an upgrade to an existing home, \u003ca href=\"https://apppack-app-tech-reporting-prod-privates3bucket-z0onruvirqb2.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/Heat_Pump_HVAC_Retrofit_Cost_Drivers_v4W3bW0_kiFU8k4.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=ASIASLLU4AX2FB6R7KFU&Signature=yGZT7rLoaJ7%2BRNLitrtUIa35LWM%3D&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjENT%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLXdlc3QtMiJHMEUCIDuu23RY5qtWEH25BKaYSOEaWzz1KxBLDbTY3oVyraq4AiEAxwp7Dhf0PmNINjscaVg6F8RAJp6K8C%2FqKYFi9%2F3uJ8QqvgQI3f%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAGGgwxNjE4NDMyNTA2NzYiDFqtIb9jZcB%2FpgTqSCqSBMbA6qw4M1r8zkkA14FsfYZ9uuZY%2F95sBuPy3eEUZ8Rzp6PN1ZRLeuZu2pQsJuTjh8D1Gl5x2IYSiFgLTab4%2FiAzkOGbaifO3WXCmZB6DEHpJFyj%2BGcvoLrzDGKRk%2BRi312XMpGr0Oa8Lc6BvQXhwUlkXlzNyZbncs9KkGs%2FfyCAZbxC5xQ6BjHmZEH7H%2FlCPFGCyTCvaOGkgkiIWjrn1Xn0zZ4xJVVhZv7q%2BqxkHu9mIPo731fF5BoLVlDGwqs%2FkjS%2BlU0nyI1tsujjM3rJLlSDYamJYZ033H8eyatr0Viuyz5qZzNKfEARMcmRyDLduwyHvtORObJ3W9zJjDV3FObT3F6pVdMxcJBCykTHq1SY9GUfr7y1djCZnD%2B92cGh6WgZudJvF4mZwO6PtrWX5QeHFh9vADLaYYFtzu%2FAEzylrlYOdnd%2BRnBWhxCuRZWOkmn8A%2Fqw3d6jKu2pyMIg8GAU8srPNXslMJZWVfpYFr%2BL9sdRBYmNfy%2BxKDHchlzVGOC4GXBWp6ZorlkiJU8cCYruNjlL3uzOxxbgTdTrIfkor1rdw9Jv%2FnfohdQAMccOLcOmHdq6oTHLS74kP0vBn91kPYttUP8aSAA3skL3KURQh2LFEObVgZXHGCY4Hm6%2BfBtR5cKS1LJHmZ4ngl3VWMjXNrTkFzfrt0q4pVEswMlTw6lsHNmwNo0ahEuDTYV2VXyAMNus4q8GOqYBu6bjwn5L3uFxMMCVQWEjSXUCyqWG089lLC97XuE487rinw9Y%2B0CYSn9RbV4MdY6na2VLd1CjrLR%2BVFQsVn%2BvwU9NmxOTtwEyjhC5e8oG3nUUEDtMx29jA8prRXyNiZ28GmX4AbuOnOdHgNRl77FF%2BEJieTIUlgxHc4tfQa14Ai11xO%2FQCxKD5hNh95pNoCB8X9UdtJtk3o%2Fsty3BB7V21EhyInpLcw%3D%3D&Expires=1711408848\">the average installation project costs roughly $13,000 to $23,000 in California (PDF)\u003c/a>. This, of course, varies widely based on home size, the type of heat pump you purchase, and whether you need to upgrade any other aspects of your electrical system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are state and federal programs to help defray the cost. You can search for incentives through \u003ca href=\"https://incentives.switchison.org/residents/incentives?state=CA\">The Switch Is On\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://homes.rewiringamerica.org/calculator\">Rewiring America\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Inflation Reduction Act, passed in 2022, also includes a $2,000 tax credit for heat pumps and an additional $11,500 in rebates for low- and moderate-income households.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"info\">\u003c/a>What else should I know about heat pumps?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to say exactly how a heat pump will affect your monthly bills. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2024/benefits-of-heat-pumps-detailed-in-new-nrel-report.html\">The majority of Americans see a drop in their energy bills by using a heat pump\u003c/a>, but in many cases, the high upfront costs of the appliance cancel out savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some heat pump critics say the appliance isn’t up to the task of warming a home when it’s sub-zero outside. A heat pump gets less efficient in extreme cold, but many models still operate well, even \u003ca href=\"https://www.mncee.org/cold-climate-air-source-heat-pump-final-report\">as low as -13 degrees Fahrenheit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts and Hammond don’t think their song will start a revolution, but they hope you’ll think of that humdrum, dependable appliance a little differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that I think this song alone is going to make people run out and replace their gas furnace with a heat pump,” Roberts said. “But I’m hoping this is just going to create a good feeling. ‘Heat pumps are very cool. I don’t know why I think they’re so cool or sexy, but I’ll look into it.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":true,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1098,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":35},"modified":1710869483,"excerpt":"Heat pumps are heroes in the fight against climate change. But the appliances have a publicity problem. So 2 Berkeley musicians wrote them a sultry slow jam.","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"Heat pumps are heroes in the fight against climate change. But the appliances have a publicity problem. So 2 Berkeley musicians wrote them a sultry slow jam.","title":"Don't Think Heat Pumps Are Sexy? Time to Listen to This Slow Jam | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Don't Think Heat Pumps Are Sexy? Time to Listen to This Slow Jam","datePublished":"2024-03-19T04:00:46-07:00","dateModified":"2024-03-19T10:31:23-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dont-think-heat-pumps-are-sexy-time-to-listen-to-this-slow-jam","status":"publish","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/4ece7854-0053-48cc-bcef-b1380107b8ab/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","sticky":false,"articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991905/dont-think-heat-pumps-are-sexy-time-to-listen-to-this-slow-jam","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You know what’s hot but also cool? R&B music. You know what else is? \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1981511/how-the-unassuming-heat-pump-can-stave-off-warming\">Heat pumps\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pair of Berkeley musicians set out to prove it by combining the two in a sultry, catchy slow jam called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.hotmike.com/heat-pump.html\">(I’m Your) Heat Pump\u003c/a>”—and the unlikely song delivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(I’m Your) Heat Pump” is full of delightful double entendres, with the heat pump playing the role of both lover and steady, dependable appliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you want it hot, I’m hot for you, when you want it cool, I’m cool witchu, babe,” croons singer Will Hammond Jr., in a line that will surely earworm its way into your head. “Cause I can do it all for you, baby, all you got to do is turn me on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with being surprisingly catchy, the song educates listeners about the heat pump: how it fights climate change, how heat pumps work, and why you might consider the heating and cooling device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can listen to the song here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1746273273&color=0053a4&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_teaser=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#song\">Why write a song about heat pumps?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#heatpump\">What’s a heat pump?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#climatesolution\">Why do heat pumps matter as a climate solution?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#cost\">How much do heat pumps cost?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#info\">What else should I know about heat pumps?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"song\">\u003c/a>Why write a song about heat pumps?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“People can mistakenly think that maybe [heat pumps] are a little boring. Maybe they’re a little humdrum,” said Mike Roberts, a part-time musician and part-time music teacher. But, he said, they aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want people to know that heat pumps are actually very exciting,” Roberts said. They are “such a great way for us as individuals to make a difference with the climate and to improve our lives at the same time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts converted his furnace, water heater, stove and clothes dryer — the most common gas-powered appliances — to electric appliances a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been such a fan of home electrification since then that he volunteers with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://switchison.org/\">The Switch Is On\u003c/a>, which facilitates home electrification. He had joked before that he’d like to write music about electrification. And then he did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first lyrics he wrote were, “I’m your heat pump,” Roberts said. “And I just started laughing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts recruited his bandmate and music publisher, Will Hammond Jr., to sing the ballad with his deep and resonant voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991928\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1991928 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bandmates Will Hammond Jr. (left) and Mike Roberts at Roberts’s home in Berkeley on Mar. 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Styer Martínez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I had the ghost of Barry White sort of talking to me like, ‘Come on, man, you can do this,’” Hammond said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both musicians wanted the song to be more than funny; they wanted it to actually tell people about heat pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like edutainment,” Hammond said. “We’re educating people, but we’re also entertaining them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of appetite in the climate space right now for a little bit of fun,” Roberts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"heatpump\">\u003c/a>What’s a heat pump?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A heat pump can warm or cool a home, serving the same role as a furnace and air conditioner all rolled into one. The difference is that most furnaces use gas, while a heat pump uses electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat pumps can also warm and cool water, like a water heater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the technology sounds strange, you may be surprised to know that you likely already have a type of heat pump in your home. This is how your refrigerator works.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"climatesolution\">\u003c/a>Why do heat pumps matter as a climate solution?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The largest source of emissions in your home comes from heating and cooling your indoor air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat pumps are \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-heat-pumps/how-a-heat-pump-works\">three to five times more efficient than gas furnaces\u003c/a> and can \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421522000386\">cut a home’s carbon pollution by 40%–50%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1981511","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/02/RS60056_023_KQED_HomeElectrificationOakland_11072022-qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>California’s grid is constantly getting greener as more zero-carbon and clean energy sources come online. And the state has\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/07/22/governor-newsom-calls-for-bold-actions-to-move-faster-toward-climate-goals/\"> the goal of installing 6 million heat pumps by 2030\u003c/a> — which would save millions of pounds of CO2.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"cost\">\u003c/a>How much do heat pumps cost?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Heat pumps tend to be more expensive than gas furnaces but less expensive than the price of a gas furnace and an air conditioning unit combined (and heat pumps do both things).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether a new build or an upgrade to an existing home, \u003ca href=\"https://apppack-app-tech-reporting-prod-privates3bucket-z0onruvirqb2.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/Heat_Pump_HVAC_Retrofit_Cost_Drivers_v4W3bW0_kiFU8k4.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=ASIASLLU4AX2FB6R7KFU&Signature=yGZT7rLoaJ7%2BRNLitrtUIa35LWM%3D&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjENT%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLXdlc3QtMiJHMEUCIDuu23RY5qtWEH25BKaYSOEaWzz1KxBLDbTY3oVyraq4AiEAxwp7Dhf0PmNINjscaVg6F8RAJp6K8C%2FqKYFi9%2F3uJ8QqvgQI3f%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAGGgwxNjE4NDMyNTA2NzYiDFqtIb9jZcB%2FpgTqSCqSBMbA6qw4M1r8zkkA14FsfYZ9uuZY%2F95sBuPy3eEUZ8Rzp6PN1ZRLeuZu2pQsJuTjh8D1Gl5x2IYSiFgLTab4%2FiAzkOGbaifO3WXCmZB6DEHpJFyj%2BGcvoLrzDGKRk%2BRi312XMpGr0Oa8Lc6BvQXhwUlkXlzNyZbncs9KkGs%2FfyCAZbxC5xQ6BjHmZEH7H%2FlCPFGCyTCvaOGkgkiIWjrn1Xn0zZ4xJVVhZv7q%2BqxkHu9mIPo731fF5BoLVlDGwqs%2FkjS%2BlU0nyI1tsujjM3rJLlSDYamJYZ033H8eyatr0Viuyz5qZzNKfEARMcmRyDLduwyHvtORObJ3W9zJjDV3FObT3F6pVdMxcJBCykTHq1SY9GUfr7y1djCZnD%2B92cGh6WgZudJvF4mZwO6PtrWX5QeHFh9vADLaYYFtzu%2FAEzylrlYOdnd%2BRnBWhxCuRZWOkmn8A%2Fqw3d6jKu2pyMIg8GAU8srPNXslMJZWVfpYFr%2BL9sdRBYmNfy%2BxKDHchlzVGOC4GXBWp6ZorlkiJU8cCYruNjlL3uzOxxbgTdTrIfkor1rdw9Jv%2FnfohdQAMccOLcOmHdq6oTHLS74kP0vBn91kPYttUP8aSAA3skL3KURQh2LFEObVgZXHGCY4Hm6%2BfBtR5cKS1LJHmZ4ngl3VWMjXNrTkFzfrt0q4pVEswMlTw6lsHNmwNo0ahEuDTYV2VXyAMNus4q8GOqYBu6bjwn5L3uFxMMCVQWEjSXUCyqWG089lLC97XuE487rinw9Y%2B0CYSn9RbV4MdY6na2VLd1CjrLR%2BVFQsVn%2BvwU9NmxOTtwEyjhC5e8oG3nUUEDtMx29jA8prRXyNiZ28GmX4AbuOnOdHgNRl77FF%2BEJieTIUlgxHc4tfQa14Ai11xO%2FQCxKD5hNh95pNoCB8X9UdtJtk3o%2Fsty3BB7V21EhyInpLcw%3D%3D&Expires=1711408848\">the average installation project costs roughly $13,000 to $23,000 in California (PDF)\u003c/a>. This, of course, varies widely based on home size, the type of heat pump you purchase, and whether you need to upgrade any other aspects of your electrical system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are state and federal programs to help defray the cost. You can search for incentives through \u003ca href=\"https://incentives.switchison.org/residents/incentives?state=CA\">The Switch Is On\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://homes.rewiringamerica.org/calculator\">Rewiring America\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Inflation Reduction Act, passed in 2022, also includes a $2,000 tax credit for heat pumps and an additional $11,500 in rebates for low- and moderate-income households.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"info\">\u003c/a>What else should I know about heat pumps?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to say exactly how a heat pump will affect your monthly bills. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2024/benefits-of-heat-pumps-detailed-in-new-nrel-report.html\">The majority of Americans see a drop in their energy bills by using a heat pump\u003c/a>, but in many cases, the high upfront costs of the appliance cancel out savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some heat pump critics say the appliance isn’t up to the task of warming a home when it’s sub-zero outside. A heat pump gets less efficient in extreme cold, but many models still operate well, even \u003ca href=\"https://www.mncee.org/cold-climate-air-source-heat-pump-final-report\">as low as -13 degrees Fahrenheit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts and Hammond don’t think their song will start a revolution, but they hope you’ll think of that humdrum, dependable appliance a little differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that I think this song alone is going to make people run out and replace their gas furnace with a heat pump,” Roberts said. “But I’m hoping this is just going to create a good feeling. ‘Heat pumps are very cool. I don’t know why I think they’re so cool or sexy, but I’ll look into it.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991905/dont-think-heat-pumps-are-sexy-time-to-listen-to-this-slow-jam","authors":["8648"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194"],"featImg":"science_1991897","label":"science"},"science_1979614":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1979614","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"science","id":"1979614","found":true},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1657004476,"format":"standard","title":"For These Black Bayview-Hunters Point Residents, Reparations Include Safeguarding Against Rising, Toxic Contamination","headTitle":"For These Black Bayview-Hunters Point Residents, Reparations Include Safeguarding Against Rising, Toxic Contamination | KQED","content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of KQED’s series, “Sacrifice Zones: Bay Area Shoreline Communities Reimagining Their Homes in the Face of the Climate Emergency.” The project looks at communities of color facing the worst of rising seas and fighting to thrive. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more of KQED’s reparations coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arieann Harrison accepted her calling at her mother’s funeral, sitting in St. John Missionary Baptist Church in the San Francisco shoreline community of Bayview-Hunters Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You find out a lot about yourself at a funeral,” said Harrison. Her mother, Marie Harrison, passed away in 2019 at 71 from lung disease. Harrison says her mom believed the illness was tied to pollution from a nearby shipyard, where she once worked and lived close to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At St. John’s, person after person shared reasons why they valued Harrison’s mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She organized, marched and protested for decades, pushing for a shipyard cleanup — even chaining herself to the fence outside the site. Marie Harrison famously said to neighbors, officials and anyone who would listen, “We’ll never surrender.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison realized it was time to stand on her mother’s shoulders, taking on her legacy of advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I learned in that moment is that love is an action word,” she said. She’s since launched the \u003ca href=\"https://www.canwelive.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marie Harrison Community Foundation, whose focus is environmental justice\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' citation='Arieann Harrison, Marie Harrison Community Foundation']‘We’re just one natural disaster away from something we can never come back from. This is not a game.’[/pullquote]\u003ca href=\"https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.Cleanup&id=0902722#bkground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The shipyard is now a Superfund site\u003c/a>, one of the country’s most polluted places. The 866-acre area is a jigsaw slab of concrete docking bays and abandoned buildings jutting out of the southeast shoreline of San Francisco. The site butts up against the community of Bayview-Hunters Point, where more than 35,000 people live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marie Harrison fought for a cleanup. Her daughter’s struggle is arguably more difficult, as climate change and sea level rise threaten to flood the area. Scientists are increasingly sounding the alarm about rising bay water pushing freshwater up from belowground, uncorking chemicals from the shipyard before spilling into homes and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re just one natural disaster away from something we can never come back from,” said Harrison, who lives in the neighborhood and works helping military veterans and unhoused people find housing and recovery programs in San Francisco. “This is not a game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years after her mother’s death, Harrison, who is in her mid-50s, is pressing officials for the strongest possible cleanup of the site to ensure the community isn’t exposed to toxic waste. She’s helping lead an effort to document how living near the Superfund site may have exposed residents — many of whom are people of color — to toxics, by testing for contaminants in their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1979686 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Blue bay water lies in the foreground with white apartments rising up a green hillside. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apartment buildings in Hunters Point sit behind the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco on March 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People of color, all around the bay and the globe,\u003ca href=\"https://psci.princeton.edu/tips/2020/8/15/racial-disparities-and-climate-change#:~:text=Communities%20of%20color%20are%20disproportionately,waste%20are%20people%20of%20color.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> are disproportionately victimized by the effects of climate change\u003c/a>. Harrison is one of the many Black women who are increasingly focused on climate justice and are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/25/opinion/black-women-leaders-climate-movement.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">leading the modern environmental movement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate justice is a real thing. Sea level rise is real,” she said. “This is the opportunity to stand up and do the right thing by the people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her advocacy also now includes a call for reparations for descendants of enslaved people, saying the tendrils of slavery are still very alive today in this historically Black neighborhood. Racist housing policies siloed Black and brown people in this part of San Francisco, where she says they were exposed to contaminants from the Superfund site; repair is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The worst contaminants you can imagine’\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch5>Bayview-Hunters Point Hazardous Sites and 2100 Sea Level Rise\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">Click the arrow to view the map legend. Use your mouse to move the map. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the dots to view details. Click on the magnifying glass to search for a specific address. Areas marked by circles show the impact of rising seas and groundwater together, while squares show groundwater impacts only. Sources: Climate Central, UCLA, UC Berkeley, USGS.\u003c/i>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=a1084b48e926492da63630c2c003ccc6&extent=-122.4351,37.6958,-122.3415,37.7728&home=true&zoom=true&previewImage=false&scale=true&search=true&searchextent=false&details=true&legend=true&active_panel=legend&disable_scroll=true&theme=light\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, communities of color are\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2021-11-30/toxic-tides-sea-level-rise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> five times more likely than the general population to live within a half mile of polluted places\u003c/a> like San Francisco’s shipyard, \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/berkeley.edu/toxictides/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to an analysis\u003c/a> by environmental health scientists from UCLA and UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers predict these same spots could flood from rising seas in the coming decades; they launched a statewide mapping project last year called Toxic Tides, to \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/berkeley.edu/toxictides/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">identify hazardous places along the state’s shoreline\u003c/a>. They’ve studied a less-understood threat: Rising seas flood over the top of the land and also push in underneath, propelling any buried contamination toward the surface. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979092/how-rising-sea-levels-could-push-up-a-toxic-soup-into-bay-area-neighborhoods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Groundwater could rise as far as 3 miles inland from the edge of San Francisco Bay.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers identified as many as 900 power plants, cleanup sites, refineries and other places in California that could experience flooding from sea level rise or groundwater spreading into neighborhoods — sometimes both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/agenda_items/20180314/Item3_Exhibit-A_OPC_SLR_Guidance-rd3.pdf\">California’s latest guidance report on sea level rise\u003c/a> says bay waters may rise more than 10 feet by the end of the century and nearly 3 feet by 2050 in the most extreme scenarios. The leading cause of climate change is humans burning fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hunters Point Superfund site is one of those hazardous sites. In the middle of the last century, the U.S. Navy decontaminated ships after atomic bomb tests and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/decommissioning/complex/hunters-point-naval-shipyard.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">established the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory at the shipyard\u003c/a>. This process contaminated the soil with radionuclides, heavy metals and petroleum fuels, among other toxic compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area scientists say that before rising tides flood aboveground, bay waters will press inward under the surface of the land, pushing up the groundwater, spreading buried contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size= 'medium' citation='Lonnie Mason, Bayview-Hunters Point resident']‘Our health risks within the community are very deep. It goes way back. We know what time it is when it comes to Hunters Point.’[/pullquote]“The Hunters Point Superfund site is expected to experience monthly flooding by the end of the century,” said UCLA’s Lara Cushing, who created the mapping project with UC Berkeley’s Rachel Morello-Frosch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Superfund site is partially cleaned up. With the oversight of the federal Environmental Protection Agency, the \u003ca href=\"https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.redevelop&id=0902722\">Navy is preparing for the eventual development of research institutions, parks and thousands of homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Morello-Frosch says any cleanup that caps toxic contamination likely won’t be good enough as the bay presses groundwater upward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you start having groundwater encroachment, those caps of legacy sites can be breached,” she noted. “So it can come up, and it can move to different areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cole Burchiel, a field investigator for the environmental watchdog group San Francisco Baykeeper, is worried that rising groundwater levels will harm human and aquatic life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re dealing with some of the worst contaminants you can imagine — lead, arsenic, radioactive isotopes,” he said. “They will infiltrate existing infrastructure. We’re talking sewer lines, water supply lines — and that has a direct impact on people’s homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979625\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Tall pine trees fill the foreground, while in the distance is a large, flat industrial area, with cranes in the distance. The top half of the photo is a deep blue sky.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the former Hunters Point Naval Shipyard from the housing development above it on Feb. 25, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re tired of begging for our lives’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/deliverable_documents/2878295719/Final_HPNS%20FYR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Every five years the Navy examines progress on the shipyard’s cleanup.\u003c/a> The last study, completed in 2020, said they “have adequately addressed all exposure pathways that could result in unacceptable risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor London Breed’s office denied multiple requests for an interview for this story. The city said in an emailed statement that it’s conducting a study with Bay Area climate scientists on how sea level rise will affect groundwater, and they’re seeking funding to study how sea level rise could affect known contaminated sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A May report released by the San Francisco Civil Grand Jury reprimands city and Navy officials, saying they have not accounted for the serious risk that rising groundwater could have here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aside from some glimmers of awareness at regulatory agencies, groundwater rise has not yet been meaningfully considered in the cleanup at the Hunters Point Shipyard,” \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/2022%20CGJ%20Report_Buried%20Problems%20and%20a%20Buried%20Process%20-%20The%20Hunters%20Point%20Naval%20Shipyard%20in%20a%20Time%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf\">the grand jury wrote\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' citation='Maya Carrasquillo, UC Berkeley']‘What’s actually at stake here are people’s lives. We need to make sure that people are not at the risk of death, if we really say that their lives matter.’[/pullquote]San Francisco Supervisor Shamann Walton, whose district includes Bayview-Hunters Point, \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=5688190&GUID=B80E7D1A-48DC-4E89-96F6-9BF9C8493F1E&Options=Advanced&Search=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">requested a hearing on the jury report\u003c/a>. But his office declined repeated requests for an interview. In an emailed statement, he said he is aware of the longstanding issue of radioactive contamination and is working with all the agencies involved in the cleanup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he acknowledged that “the effect of sea level rise and groundwater rise has not been studied” for the Hunters Point Superfund site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison organized a June rally in front of City Hall to highlight the findings. Wearing a bright purple shirt with “CAN WE LIVE” printed on the front and speaking into a megaphone, she said the city needs to prepare Bayview-Hunters Point for the effects of sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to invite our mayor, who we love, to show us that she loves us back,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said reparations are necessary to create an equitable future for Bayview-Hunters Point and its Black and brown residents who will be disproportionately harmed by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://antievictionmap.com/bayview-hunters-point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Government agencies redlined Black people into the neighborhood now dominated by polluting industries.\u003c/a> As a result, residents live near toxic sites and face potentially deadly impacts from climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979753\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979753\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-800x600.jpg\" alt='A Black woman in a red coat and red leggings speaks at a rally, holding up a map showing contaminated areas of the former Hunters Point naval shipyard. To the right of the photo, helping hold up the map, is a Black woman in black leggings, white running shoes and a purple t-shirt reading \"Can We Live.\" In the background is a group of Black people attending the rally, dressed in denim or khaki pants and a range of colors of shirts, from blue to red plaid. The rally is in front of a tall white fence.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai explains her map of which contaminants are found at which locations at the Hunters Point Superfund site, during a rally on February 12, 2022 in Bayview-Hunters Point. \u003ccite>(Annelise Finney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re tired of begging for our lives,” Harrison told KQED. “I holla for reparations because that’s paying for crimes against humanity. You can bet your bottom dollar we’re gonna need long-term care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11906054/it-means-to-repair-what-you-should-know-about-reparations-for-black-californians\">California’s task force on reparations is deep in a conversation on how to repair the centuries of oppression\u003c/a> endured by descendants of the enslaved on a statewide level. San Francisco’s African American Reparations Advisory Committee is exploring how the city can repair the harm its discriminatory policies have caused to Black homeownership, access to schools and availability of health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayview-Hunters Point residents regularly attend the meetings of San Francisco’s advisory committee to express their concerns. Lonnie Mason said at a January session that the city is not giving enough attention to the historically Black area of San Francisco. He was born and raised in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our health risks within the community are very deep,” he said. “It goes way back. We know what time it is when it comes to Hunters Point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reparations mean preparing for sea level rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For longtime Bayview-Hunters Point residents like Tonia Randell, city leaders have taken way too long to demonstrate they value people of color in this neighborhood, \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one of the most polluted parts of San Francisco, according to a state environmental analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have all the utilities here,” she said, noting the neighborhood is home to \u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Recology\u003c/a>; the city’s sewage treatment plant; and other waste facilities. “We still have the garbage dump here. Why is it all in our area? Because they don’t value us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ce.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/mcarrasquillo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Berkeley professor Maya Carrasquillo\u003c/a> says it’s not unusual for Black people to feel left out of plans to improve residents’ lives, even if they are represented by Black city officials. Carrasquillo, who identifies racially as a Black American and ethnically as an Afro-Latina, is a civil and environmental engineering professor focused on environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says Black people in power would argue they advocate for all Black residents, but decisions made by those in control often center communities of affluence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is still a distinct difference of how we value Black and brown lives across class barriers,” she said. “When we say ‘Black Lives Matter,’ it is all Black lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1979619 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A black woman with a turquoise shirt and hair pulled back into a tight bun. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai is documenting the toxic load in Bayview-Hunters Point residents. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Carrasquillo says Bayview-Hunters Point deserves the same kind of investment that wealthy neighborhoods of San Francisco receive. If that doesn’t happen, lower-income people of color will suffer disproportionately as the world warms and the bay rises. She says San Francisco and other cities should invite the people who will be the most harmed by rising tides to decide their own future by including them in every aspect of climate adaptation plans. That is an act of reparation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s actually at stake here are people’s lives,” she added. “We need to make sure that people are not at the risk of death, if we really say that their lives matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘That set my hair on fire’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To seize the attention of city leaders, residents are documenting their health conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A map of Bayview-Hunters Point lies on the wood desk in Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai’s office. It’s filled with red, blue, black, yellow and white pushpins — they look like ants piled up on a piece of food. Each pin represents a person whom she tested and found to have high levels of a toxic chemical in their body at that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Toxic chemicals] have no role in the human body, and there is no justification for any of them,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979636\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1979636 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A map of San Francisco's east side with clusters of yellow, blue, white and red pushpins.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pushpins on a map show where the elements arsenic, gadolinium, manganese and vanadium were found in tests of Bayview-Hunters Point residents. Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai is conducting the urine tests and correlating the results with residents’ illnesses. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2018, the state announced that \u003ca href=\"https://ce.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/mcarrasquillo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a radioactive object was found near new condos in the community\u003c/a> in an area the city and numerous government agencies said was cleaned up. For Porter Sumchai, that was the last straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, she began testing residents who volunteered to have their urine examined for toxic contaminants. The 70-year-old physician is the founder and medical director of the \u003ca href=\"https://hunters-point-community-biomonitoring-program.business.site/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hunters Point Biomonitoring Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s now tested and retested more than 100 residents for toxic elements like lead, mercury and arsenic, and for elevated levels of natural elements that people need, like iron and zinc. Porter Sumchai said she recently tested a woman in her 40s and found uranium at dangerously high levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That set my hair on fire,” she said. “I had never seen anything like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison was tested in 2021. Porter Sumchai found cadmium, copper, manganese and other contaminants in her body at levels she described as “very dangerous.” The contaminants could cause damage to the brain, heart, kidney, liver and lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am retaining fluid, have muscle tightness, tingling in my feet and my hair is falling out of my head like a cancer patient,” she said, pointing to the test results on her office computer. “It doesn’t look like it because my wig is really cute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On that day she wore long, black braids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the San Francisco Department of Public Health told KQED in an emailed statement that the agency is “committed to protecting and promoting the health of those in the Bayview-Hunters Point” neighborhood, but wouldn’t comment directly on Porter Sumchai’s testing, saying the agency did not have a “subject matter expert.” They deferred comment to state health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979754\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979754\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The results of Arieann Harrison’s tests for toxic elements her body is carrying are displayed on her computer in the Bayview on March 2, 2022. Bright red bars show high levels of lead, mercury, cadmium and thallium, among others. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health told KQED in an email that it is “aware” of the community testing, but “has not been directly provided any test results from those samples.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/sites/default/files/fliers/files/sfe_ej_sfhh_community_health_status_assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The city conducted a community health survey in 2006\u003c/a> that found “cancer is a major cause of years of life lost in Bayview Hunters Point,” and “African-American women and men have the highest mortality rates of any other racial/ethnic group for several major cancers.” But the city did not look at whether buried toxic contamination at the shipyard contributed to any health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Timur Durrani, a UCSF physician who is not involved with Porter Sumchai’s effort, said the tests are cause for a wider-scale survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/timur.durrani\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Durrani, who provides care for acutely poisoned patients\u003c/a> at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, cautioned that to understand the full extent of the problem, a comprehensive evaluation of the exposure and the community is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What it sounds like is the community wants to be heard,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Porter Sumchai submits her data on cancers and toxic contamination to the California Cancer Registry. She is compiling her own — the Hunters Point Community Toxic Registry — and hopes to gather enough evidence documenting a relationship between illness and toxic exposure to use in a structured legal settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more evidence we collect, the more pins we place in this map,” she said. “I do think, ultimately, there is going to be a recovery for this community. It’s just in the stars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But any recovery takes hard work. Porter Sumchai and Harrison’s work is practical, methodical and deliberate. Climate change adds extreme urgency to their effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the June protest on the steps of City Hall, Harrison invited Porter Sumchai to speak on her findings. Rallying the crowd, she called her “a woman who has been fighting since Day One. I like to call her my second mother.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People in Bayview-Hunters Point are being treated like canaries in the coal mine for an impending catastrophe that will impact the entire city,” Porter Sumchai said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayview-Hunters Point residents are facing a life-or-death crisis, she said, but she promised to fight, even if city leaders don’t act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she quoted Marie Harrison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll never surrender,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Annelise Finney contributed reporting to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":3223,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html"],"paragraphCount":74},"modified":1704846237,"excerpt":"Rising bay waters will move in under the surface of the land, pushing up groundwater and likely spreading buried toxic contamination to neighborhoods surrounding the Hunters Point Superfund site.\r\n","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"Rising bay waters will move in under the surface of the land, pushing up groundwater and likely spreading buried toxic contamination to neighborhoods surrounding the Hunters Point Superfund site.\r\n","title":"For These Black Bayview-Hunters Point Residents, Reparations Include Safeguarding Against Rising, Toxic Contamination | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"For These Black Bayview-Hunters Point Residents, Reparations Include Safeguarding Against Rising, Toxic Contamination","datePublished":"2022-07-05T00:01:16-07:00","dateModified":"2024-01-09T16:23:57-08:00","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/011_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-1020x680.jpg","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Ezra David Romero","jobTitle":"Climate Reporter","url":"https://www.kqed.org/author/eromero"}},"authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"11746","meta":{"index":"authors_1716337520","id":"11746","found":true},"name":"Ezra David Romero","firstName":"Ezra David","lastName":"Romero","slug":"eromero","email":"eromero@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"Climate Reporter","bio":"Ezra David Romero is a climate reporter for KQED News. He covers the absence and excess of water in the Bay Area — think sea level rise, flooding and drought. For nearly a decade he’s covered how warming temperatures are altering the lives of Californians. He’s reported on farmers worried their pistachio trees aren’t getting enough sleep, families desperate for water, scientists studying dying giant sequoias, and alongside firefighters containing wildfires. His work has appeared on local stations across California and nationally on public radio shows like Morning Edition, Here and Now, All Things Considered and Science Friday. ","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ezraromero","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ezra David Romero | KQED","description":"Climate Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/eromero"}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/011_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"mimeType":"image/jpeg","height":680},"ogImageWidth":"1020","ogImageHeight":"680","twitterImageUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/011_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-1020x680.jpg","twImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/011_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"mimeType":"image/jpeg","height":680},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["climate","featured-news","featured-science","sea level rise"]}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"for-these-black-bayview-hunters-point-residents-reparations-include-safeguarding-against-rising-toxic-contamination","status":"publish","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/f143f583-bc69-4e87-8fa5-aeaf01213dbb/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","sticky":false,"source":"Sea Level Rise","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1979614/for-these-black-bayview-hunters-point-residents-reparations-include-safeguarding-against-rising-toxic-contamination","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of KQED’s series, “Sacrifice Zones: Bay Area Shoreline Communities Reimagining Their Homes in the Face of the Climate Emergency.” The project looks at communities of color facing the worst of rising seas and fighting to thrive. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more of KQED’s reparations coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arieann Harrison accepted her calling at her mother’s funeral, sitting in St. John Missionary Baptist Church in the San Francisco shoreline community of Bayview-Hunters Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You find out a lot about yourself at a funeral,” said Harrison. Her mother, Marie Harrison, passed away in 2019 at 71 from lung disease. Harrison says her mom believed the illness was tied to pollution from a nearby shipyard, where she once worked and lived close to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At St. John’s, person after person shared reasons why they valued Harrison’s mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She organized, marched and protested for decades, pushing for a shipyard cleanup — even chaining herself to the fence outside the site. Marie Harrison famously said to neighbors, officials and anyone who would listen, “We’ll never surrender.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison realized it was time to stand on her mother’s shoulders, taking on her legacy of advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I learned in that moment is that love is an action word,” she said. She’s since launched the \u003ca href=\"https://www.canwelive.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marie Harrison Community Foundation, whose focus is environmental justice\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We’re just one natural disaster away from something we can never come back from. This is not a game.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","citation":"Arieann Harrison, Marie Harrison Community Foundation","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.Cleanup&id=0902722#bkground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The shipyard is now a Superfund site\u003c/a>, one of the country’s most polluted places. The 866-acre area is a jigsaw slab of concrete docking bays and abandoned buildings jutting out of the southeast shoreline of San Francisco. The site butts up against the community of Bayview-Hunters Point, where more than 35,000 people live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marie Harrison fought for a cleanup. Her daughter’s struggle is arguably more difficult, as climate change and sea level rise threaten to flood the area. Scientists are increasingly sounding the alarm about rising bay water pushing freshwater up from belowground, uncorking chemicals from the shipyard before spilling into homes and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re just one natural disaster away from something we can never come back from,” said Harrison, who lives in the neighborhood and works helping military veterans and unhoused people find housing and recovery programs in San Francisco. “This is not a game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years after her mother’s death, Harrison, who is in her mid-50s, is pressing officials for the strongest possible cleanup of the site to ensure the community isn’t exposed to toxic waste. She’s helping lead an effort to document how living near the Superfund site may have exposed residents — many of whom are people of color — to toxics, by testing for contaminants in their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1979686 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Blue bay water lies in the foreground with white apartments rising up a green hillside. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54637_024_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apartment buildings in Hunters Point sit behind the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco on March 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People of color, all around the bay and the globe,\u003ca href=\"https://psci.princeton.edu/tips/2020/8/15/racial-disparities-and-climate-change#:~:text=Communities%20of%20color%20are%20disproportionately,waste%20are%20people%20of%20color.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> are disproportionately victimized by the effects of climate change\u003c/a>. Harrison is one of the many Black women who are increasingly focused on climate justice and are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/25/opinion/black-women-leaders-climate-movement.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">leading the modern environmental movement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate justice is a real thing. Sea level rise is real,” she said. “This is the opportunity to stand up and do the right thing by the people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her advocacy also now includes a call for reparations for descendants of enslaved people, saying the tendrils of slavery are still very alive today in this historically Black neighborhood. Racist housing policies siloed Black and brown people in this part of San Francisco, where she says they were exposed to contaminants from the Superfund site; repair is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The worst contaminants you can imagine’\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch5>Bayview-Hunters Point Hazardous Sites and 2100 Sea Level Rise\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">Click the arrow to view the map legend. Use your mouse to move the map. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the dots to view details. Click on the magnifying glass to search for a specific address. Areas marked by circles show the impact of rising seas and groundwater together, while squares show groundwater impacts only. Sources: Climate Central, UCLA, UC Berkeley, USGS.\u003c/i>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=a1084b48e926492da63630c2c003ccc6&extent=-122.4351,37.6958,-122.3415,37.7728&home=true&zoom=true&previewImage=false&scale=true&search=true&searchextent=false&details=true&legend=true&active_panel=legend&disable_scroll=true&theme=light\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, communities of color are\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2021-11-30/toxic-tides-sea-level-rise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> five times more likely than the general population to live within a half mile of polluted places\u003c/a> like San Francisco’s shipyard, \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/berkeley.edu/toxictides/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to an analysis\u003c/a> by environmental health scientists from UCLA and UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers predict these same spots could flood from rising seas in the coming decades; they launched a statewide mapping project last year called Toxic Tides, to \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/berkeley.edu/toxictides/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">identify hazardous places along the state’s shoreline\u003c/a>. They’ve studied a less-understood threat: Rising seas flood over the top of the land and also push in underneath, propelling any buried contamination toward the surface. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979092/how-rising-sea-levels-could-push-up-a-toxic-soup-into-bay-area-neighborhoods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Groundwater could rise as far as 3 miles inland from the edge of San Francisco Bay.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers identified as many as 900 power plants, cleanup sites, refineries and other places in California that could experience flooding from sea level rise or groundwater spreading into neighborhoods — sometimes both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/agenda_items/20180314/Item3_Exhibit-A_OPC_SLR_Guidance-rd3.pdf\">California’s latest guidance report on sea level rise\u003c/a> says bay waters may rise more than 10 feet by the end of the century and nearly 3 feet by 2050 in the most extreme scenarios. The leading cause of climate change is humans burning fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hunters Point Superfund site is one of those hazardous sites. In the middle of the last century, the U.S. Navy decontaminated ships after atomic bomb tests and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/decommissioning/complex/hunters-point-naval-shipyard.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">established the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory at the shipyard\u003c/a>. This process contaminated the soil with radionuclides, heavy metals and petroleum fuels, among other toxic compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area scientists say that before rising tides flood aboveground, bay waters will press inward under the surface of the land, pushing up the groundwater, spreading buried contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Our health risks within the community are very deep. It goes way back. We know what time it is when it comes to Hunters Point.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","citation":"Lonnie Mason, Bayview-Hunters Point resident","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The Hunters Point Superfund site is expected to experience monthly flooding by the end of the century,” said UCLA’s Lara Cushing, who created the mapping project with UC Berkeley’s Rachel Morello-Frosch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Superfund site is partially cleaned up. With the oversight of the federal Environmental Protection Agency, the \u003ca href=\"https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.redevelop&id=0902722\">Navy is preparing for the eventual development of research institutions, parks and thousands of homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Morello-Frosch says any cleanup that caps toxic contamination likely won’t be good enough as the bay presses groundwater upward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you start having groundwater encroachment, those caps of legacy sites can be breached,” she noted. “So it can come up, and it can move to different areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cole Burchiel, a field investigator for the environmental watchdog group San Francisco Baykeeper, is worried that rising groundwater levels will harm human and aquatic life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re dealing with some of the worst contaminants you can imagine — lead, arsenic, radioactive isotopes,” he said. “They will infiltrate existing infrastructure. We’re talking sewer lines, water supply lines — and that has a direct impact on people’s homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979625\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Tall pine trees fill the foreground, while in the distance is a large, flat industrial area, with cranes in the distance. The top half of the photo is a deep blue sky.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/RS53940_004_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the former Hunters Point Naval Shipyard from the housing development above it on Feb. 25, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re tired of begging for our lives’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/deliverable_documents/2878295719/Final_HPNS%20FYR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Every five years the Navy examines progress on the shipyard’s cleanup.\u003c/a> The last study, completed in 2020, said they “have adequately addressed all exposure pathways that could result in unacceptable risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor London Breed’s office denied multiple requests for an interview for this story. The city said in an emailed statement that it’s conducting a study with Bay Area climate scientists on how sea level rise will affect groundwater, and they’re seeking funding to study how sea level rise could affect known contaminated sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A May report released by the San Francisco Civil Grand Jury reprimands city and Navy officials, saying they have not accounted for the serious risk that rising groundwater could have here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aside from some glimmers of awareness at regulatory agencies, groundwater rise has not yet been meaningfully considered in the cleanup at the Hunters Point Shipyard,” \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/2022%20CGJ%20Report_Buried%20Problems%20and%20a%20Buried%20Process%20-%20The%20Hunters%20Point%20Naval%20Shipyard%20in%20a%20Time%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf\">the grand jury wrote\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘What’s actually at stake here are people’s lives. We need to make sure that people are not at the risk of death, if we really say that their lives matter.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","citation":"Maya Carrasquillo, UC Berkeley","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>San Francisco Supervisor Shamann Walton, whose district includes Bayview-Hunters Point, \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=5688190&GUID=B80E7D1A-48DC-4E89-96F6-9BF9C8493F1E&Options=Advanced&Search=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">requested a hearing on the jury report\u003c/a>. But his office declined repeated requests for an interview. In an emailed statement, he said he is aware of the longstanding issue of radioactive contamination and is working with all the agencies involved in the cleanup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he acknowledged that “the effect of sea level rise and groundwater rise has not been studied” for the Hunters Point Superfund site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison organized a June rally in front of City Hall to highlight the findings. Wearing a bright purple shirt with “CAN WE LIVE” printed on the front and speaking into a megaphone, she said the city needs to prepare Bayview-Hunters Point for the effects of sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to invite our mayor, who we love, to show us that she loves us back,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said reparations are necessary to create an equitable future for Bayview-Hunters Point and its Black and brown residents who will be disproportionately harmed by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://antievictionmap.com/bayview-hunters-point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Government agencies redlined Black people into the neighborhood now dominated by polluting industries.\u003c/a> As a result, residents live near toxic sites and face potentially deadly impacts from climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979753\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979753\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-800x600.jpg\" alt='A Black woman in a red coat and red leggings speaks at a rally, holding up a map showing contaminated areas of the former Hunters Point naval shipyard. To the right of the photo, helping hold up the map, is a Black woman in black leggings, white running shoes and a purple t-shirt reading \"Can We Live.\" In the background is a group of Black people attending the rally, dressed in denim or khaki pants and a range of colors of shirts, from blue to red plaid. The rally is in front of a tall white fence.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/IMG_7892-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai explains her map of which contaminants are found at which locations at the Hunters Point Superfund site, during a rally on February 12, 2022 in Bayview-Hunters Point. \u003ccite>(Annelise Finney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re tired of begging for our lives,” Harrison told KQED. “I holla for reparations because that’s paying for crimes against humanity. You can bet your bottom dollar we’re gonna need long-term care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11906054/it-means-to-repair-what-you-should-know-about-reparations-for-black-californians\">California’s task force on reparations is deep in a conversation on how to repair the centuries of oppression\u003c/a> endured by descendants of the enslaved on a statewide level. San Francisco’s African American Reparations Advisory Committee is exploring how the city can repair the harm its discriminatory policies have caused to Black homeownership, access to schools and availability of health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayview-Hunters Point residents regularly attend the meetings of San Francisco’s advisory committee to express their concerns. Lonnie Mason said at a January session that the city is not giving enough attention to the historically Black area of San Francisco. He was born and raised in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our health risks within the community are very deep,” he said. “It goes way back. We know what time it is when it comes to Hunters Point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reparations mean preparing for sea level rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For longtime Bayview-Hunters Point residents like Tonia Randell, city leaders have taken way too long to demonstrate they value people of color in this neighborhood, \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one of the most polluted parts of San Francisco, according to a state environmental analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have all the utilities here,” she said, noting the neighborhood is home to \u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Recology\u003c/a>; the city’s sewage treatment plant; and other waste facilities. “We still have the garbage dump here. Why is it all in our area? Because they don’t value us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ce.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/mcarrasquillo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Berkeley professor Maya Carrasquillo\u003c/a> says it’s not unusual for Black people to feel left out of plans to improve residents’ lives, even if they are represented by Black city officials. Carrasquillo, who identifies racially as a Black American and ethnically as an Afro-Latina, is a civil and environmental engineering professor focused on environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says Black people in power would argue they advocate for all Black residents, but decisions made by those in control often center communities of affluence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is still a distinct difference of how we value Black and brown lives across class barriers,” she said. “When we say ‘Black Lives Matter,’ it is all Black lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1979619 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A black woman with a turquoise shirt and hair pulled back into a tight bun. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/028_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai is documenting the toxic load in Bayview-Hunters Point residents. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Carrasquillo says Bayview-Hunters Point deserves the same kind of investment that wealthy neighborhoods of San Francisco receive. If that doesn’t happen, lower-income people of color will suffer disproportionately as the world warms and the bay rises. She says San Francisco and other cities should invite the people who will be the most harmed by rising tides to decide their own future by including them in every aspect of climate adaptation plans. That is an act of reparation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s actually at stake here are people’s lives,” she added. “We need to make sure that people are not at the risk of death, if we really say that their lives matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘That set my hair on fire’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To seize the attention of city leaders, residents are documenting their health conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A map of Bayview-Hunters Point lies on the wood desk in Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai’s office. It’s filled with red, blue, black, yellow and white pushpins — they look like ants piled up on a piece of food. Each pin represents a person whom she tested and found to have high levels of a toxic chemical in their body at that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Toxic chemicals] have no role in the human body, and there is no justification for any of them,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979636\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1979636 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A map of San Francisco's east side with clusters of yellow, blue, white and red pushpins.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/012_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pushpins on a map show where the elements arsenic, gadolinium, manganese and vanadium were found in tests of Bayview-Hunters Point residents. Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai is conducting the urine tests and correlating the results with residents’ illnesses. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2018, the state announced that \u003ca href=\"https://ce.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/mcarrasquillo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a radioactive object was found near new condos in the community\u003c/a> in an area the city and numerous government agencies said was cleaned up. For Porter Sumchai, that was the last straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, she began testing residents who volunteered to have their urine examined for toxic contaminants. The 70-year-old physician is the founder and medical director of the \u003ca href=\"https://hunters-point-community-biomonitoring-program.business.site/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hunters Point Biomonitoring Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s now tested and retested more than 100 residents for toxic elements like lead, mercury and arsenic, and for elevated levels of natural elements that people need, like iron and zinc. Porter Sumchai said she recently tested a woman in her 40s and found uranium at dangerously high levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That set my hair on fire,” she said. “I had never seen anything like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison was tested in 2021. Porter Sumchai found cadmium, copper, manganese and other contaminants in her body at levels she described as “very dangerous.” The contaminants could cause damage to the brain, heart, kidney, liver and lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am retaining fluid, have muscle tightness, tingling in my feet and my hair is falling out of my head like a cancer patient,” she said, pointing to the test results on her office computer. “It doesn’t look like it because my wig is really cute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On that day she wore long, black braids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the San Francisco Department of Public Health told KQED in an emailed statement that the agency is “committed to protecting and promoting the health of those in the Bayview-Hunters Point” neighborhood, but wouldn’t comment directly on Porter Sumchai’s testing, saying the agency did not have a “subject matter expert.” They deferred comment to state health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979754\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979754\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS54031_004_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The results of Arieann Harrison’s tests for toxic elements her body is carrying are displayed on her computer in the Bayview on March 2, 2022. Bright red bars show high levels of lead, mercury, cadmium and thallium, among others. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health told KQED in an email that it is “aware” of the community testing, but “has not been directly provided any test results from those samples.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/sites/default/files/fliers/files/sfe_ej_sfhh_community_health_status_assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The city conducted a community health survey in 2006\u003c/a> that found “cancer is a major cause of years of life lost in Bayview Hunters Point,” and “African-American women and men have the highest mortality rates of any other racial/ethnic group for several major cancers.” But the city did not look at whether buried toxic contamination at the shipyard contributed to any health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Timur Durrani, a UCSF physician who is not involved with Porter Sumchai’s effort, said the tests are cause for a wider-scale survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/timur.durrani\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Durrani, who provides care for acutely poisoned patients\u003c/a> at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, cautioned that to understand the full extent of the problem, a comprehensive evaluation of the exposure and the community is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What it sounds like is the community wants to be heard,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Porter Sumchai submits her data on cancers and toxic contamination to the California Cancer Registry. She is compiling her own — the Hunters Point Community Toxic Registry — and hopes to gather enough evidence documenting a relationship between illness and toxic exposure to use in a structured legal settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more evidence we collect, the more pins we place in this map,” she said. “I do think, ultimately, there is going to be a recovery for this community. It’s just in the stars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But any recovery takes hard work. Porter Sumchai and Harrison’s work is practical, methodical and deliberate. Climate change adds extreme urgency to their effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the June protest on the steps of City Hall, Harrison invited Porter Sumchai to speak on her findings. Rallying the crowd, she called her “a woman who has been fighting since Day One. I like to call her my second mother.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People in Bayview-Hunters Point are being treated like canaries in the coal mine for an impending catastrophe that will impact the entire city,” Porter Sumchai said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayview-Hunters Point residents are facing a life-or-death crisis, she said, but she promised to fight, even if city leaders don’t act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she quoted Marie Harrison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll never surrender,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Annelise Finney contributed reporting to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1979614/for-these-black-bayview-hunters-point-residents-reparations-include-safeguarding-against-rising-toxic-contamination","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_46","science_31","science_40","science_43","science_4450"],"tags":["science_182","science_4417","science_4414","science_206"],"featImg":"science_1979622","label":"source_science_1979614","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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