Strong piece. The subsidy death spiral math is real, and the fee-only model assumption has serious holes.
I explored this from a different angle: who has structural incentives to mine even when it’s not profitable? Three groups emerge: large Bitcoin holders (mining as insurance), energy companies (mining as energy management tool with marginal cost near zero), and governments (mining as infrastructure enabler for remote areas).
The hypothesis: mining may shift from “standalone business seeking profit” to “operational cost for those exposed to Bitcoin or managing energy.”
Full analysis (Portuguese, easily translatable):